How did Pondo ng Pinoy transform you as a person Essay

Pondo ng Pinoy has transformed me as an individual by making me a more improved Christian or a more enhanced follower of Jesus because with Pondo ng Pinoy, I can be capable of and will be able to help out those citizens who are very much in need of these money that we put inside the Pondo ng Pinoy bottle. The amount of the money we put in may have a small amount of value, but it doesn’t stop us from making other people’s lives worth living because no matter how small or little the amount in total is, as long as we do it on a regular basis that becomes our habitual act in our everyday life and it will be a significant part of our lives. Pondo ng Pinoy has given me an opportunity to let a large number of people have one more chance to make their own living, to let me lend a hand to those who are really in need to reconstruct their own upcoming future and to make them once feel that they really are and will always be welcome to come back to the Christian community- especially to those individuals who were about to let go of their faith because they had thought that nobody else cared for them-, and make themselves financially, spiritually and physically independent and I can be of assistance to a whole lot more to people. With Pondo ng Pinoy, I have helped those children who want to have a better education and for those children to get to have an education that they have longed for. I have helped those people- who are less fortunate- to have their own micro-finance businesses and micro-enterprise businesses that they couldn’t do without the help of Pondo ng Pinoy. I have helped people to be healthier to live in a better surrounding, to have a better atmosphere and to feel more secure. I have helped people to have their own place to live where their family can call it home. It transformed me to be more sensitive in other people’s needs. It made me realize all the blessings that I have received from God, and that I am blessed. Most of the times, I tend to get unsatisfied with things God, my parents or my family or anyone do for me. But realizing this Pondo ng Pinoy program, not only that, it made me see more clearly that there are other less fortunate brother and sisters of ours who would get so happy and be contented to receive those things people have done for me. Because of that, I learned to be more appreciative of the things those persons do for me. I would even be more glad to share the blessings that I receive everyday from God to those less fortunate brothers and sister of ours because I realize that I am blessed and it is never wrong to make them happy of the little things that I can do for them as a student or as their sister. People would usually see the 25 centavo as a loose change, but it would change their perspectives once they knew about the Pondo ng Pinoy. I’m also pertaining to myself as one of the people who thought that a 25 centavo is a loose change- when I still didn’t find out about the Pondo ng Pinoy. I have come to realize that I value the centavos even more these past few years. I would rather have changes that are centavos instead of pesos. I always get energized when my parents get changes that are centavos and I would instantly ask it from them or when I see centavos from my parents’ coins in their drawers. To be honest, I even have a separate coin bank that only centavos are containing in it. So I guess that is how Pondo ng Pinoy had put an effect or impact in my life. It will permanently be a part of my everyday life. I’m not bragging but, ever since I was a little kid I have always wanted to help out those people who are needy. So I guess as a 15 year old, this can be another way for me to help them regularly instead of just occasionally. If all together, all Filipinos would work hand in hand with the Pondo ng Pinoy project, I am very confident that we can help all our Filipino brothers and sisters to have a better existence or a better experience to live here on Earth since all of us only live once. So those are the things that the Pondo ng Pinoy has transformed me as a person.

Observation paper Essay

The Child’s name I have chosen for this observation paper is a 5 year old female named Janiya, she seems to be a happy normal child. Her mother and father are of African American descent. Her mother and father are married yet separated. Janiya lives home with her mom and aunt, her mom keeps her toys inside her room where Janiya regularly accesses her bedroom and bring toys in and out as she pleases, as well as plays inside her room when she wants. Her toys consist of a bike, baby dolls, Barbie dolls, tablet, computer, and PlayStation 4. These are the toys Janiya plays with everyday according to her mom. Observation Janiya is a very bright little girl with a huge personality she loves attention and loves to watch cartoons and play with her toys. The observations I made were in the living room, kitchen and her bedroom and observed her for 30 minutes. Janiya is a very creative little girl adapting to her surroundings and nothing was never too high for her because she climbed on top of furniture when she wanted to reach things that was too high for her I seen Janiya climb on top a chair to get some chips out of the cabinet she used her physical strength to pull her weight up until she was able to reach them. I was amazed at how smart she was when it came to thinking of a way to get things she wanted instead of asking for assistance anything she needs access to and is too high for her to reach she climbs on furniture to reach it or asks her mom or aunt to get it if she couldn’t according to her mom, Janiya is displaying her gross motor skills. She then came in the living room and proceeded to change the channel to Nick Jr. and Sponge Bob Square pants was on and Janiya started singing the theme song standing up in the chair dancing and singing showing off her cognitive and functional play skills trying to do what she sees on tv and also displaying her language development. Janiya’s mom then walked from her bed room in the living room explaining to Janiya that she has to help her with her homework  before she watches cartoons so she needs to go to her bedroom to retrieve her book bag Janiya is in the kindergarten. Janiya runs in her room to get her book bag and quickly came back into the living room with it displaying her gross motor skills again. Her mom pulls out her homework which consists of writing her first name 10 times and writing her last name 10 times she gives Janiya verbal cues on writing her name writing Janiya write and telling her which letter to write next she is encoding this information inside Janiya’s memory and she will eventually have this information in her long term memory and will be able to write her name without verbal cues in the future right now she is now processing information and developing her memory. After doing her homework Janiya went in her room and bought out her dolls and begin playing with herself in the living room displaying dramatic play I heard her talking to her dolls and pretending that was her baby. This was the end of my 30 minute observation; Janiya seems as if she is coming along well with displaying skills, language, playing and her imag ination. She was really a bright little girl and I enjoyed observing her and seeing the changes children go through to develop most of their skills that are going to be used every day when they get older! Observation Paper: Janiya Psychology 221 Michelle Bennett The Child’s name I have chosen for this observation paper is a 5 year old female named Janiya, she seems to be a happy normal child. Her mother and father are of African American descent. Her mother and father are married yet separated. Janiya lives home with her mom and aunt, her mom keeps her toys inside her room where Janiya regularly accesses her bedroom and bring toys in and out as she pleases, as well as plays inside her room when she wants. Her toys consist of a bike, baby dolls, Barbie dolls, tablet, computer, and PlayStation 4. These are the toys Janiya plays with everyday according to her mom. Observation Janiya is a very bright little girl with a huge personality she loves attention and loves to watch cartoons and play with her toys. The observations I made were in the living room, kitchen and her bedroom and observed her for 30 minutes. Janiya is a very creative little girl adapting to her surroundings and nothing was never too high for her because she climbed on top of furniture when she wanted to reach things that was too high for her I seen Janiya climb on top a chair to get some chips out of the cabinet she used her physical strength to pull her weight up until she was able to reach them. I was amazed at how smart she was when it came to thinking of a way to get things she wanted instead of asking for assistance anything she needs access to and is too high for her to reach she climbs on furniture to reach it or asks her mom or aunt to get it if she couldn’t according to her mom, Janiya is displaying her gross motor skills. She then came in the living room and proceeded to change the channel to Nick Jr. and Sponge Bob Square pants was on and Janiya started singing the theme song standing up in the chair dancing and singing showing off her cognitive and functional play skills trying to do what she sees on tv and also displaying her language development. Janiya’s mom then walked from her bed room in the living room explaining to Janiya that she has to help her with her homework before she watches cartoons so she needs to go to her bedroom to retrieve her book bag Janiya is in the kindergarten. Janiya runs in her room to get her book bag and quickly came back into the living room with it displaying her gross motor skills again. Her mom pulls out her homework which consists of writing her first name 10 times and writing her last name 10 times she gives Janiya verbal cues on writing her name writing Janiya write and telling her which letter to write next she is encoding this information inside Janiya’s memory and she will eventually have this information in her long term memory and will be able to write her name without verbal cues in the future right now she is now processing information and developing her memory. After doing her homework Janiya went in her room and bought out her dolls and begin playing with herself in t he living room displaying dramatic play I heard her talking to her dolls and pretending that was her baby. This was the end of my 30 minute observation; Janiya seems as if she is coming along well with displaying skills, language, playing and her imagination. She was really a bright little girl and I enjoyed observing her and seeing the changes children go through to develop most of their skills that are  going to be used every day when they get older!

Information society Essay

Questions surrounding the nature and scope of the media’s impact upon society are intrinsically contentious; the wide variety of media on offer to the consumer creates a naturally eclectic set of norms and values from which individuals might draw conclusions. A cultural explanation, unlike Webster’s economic, occupational and spatial definitions of an information society (Webster) remains too esoteric to allow for detailed quantitative data to be collected. And whilst the qualitative data it inspires could be considered to have equal value, it is nevertheless more open to interpretation than its statistics-heavy brethren. So what is an information society? The idea should not be taken to its literal route, that technology has allowed free exchange of information on a scale unprecedented throughout t history is not in question. The concept of an information society stems from an idea that information is the commodity in so far as it transcends the limitations of more traditional commodities, such as oil or food. In an information society, information and wealth are seen as one and the same, with information acting as a societal nervous system from which all financial transactions react. Information in this social model is not limited to the economic, it is also a social resource one that reinforces and defines culture, particularly at a generic international level. The suggestion that this is indeed an information society does of course need some qualification, a simply blanket definition emphasising its importance in the modern age will not suffice. What is needed is a more in depth examination of the criteria used to define an information society. These definitions as defined by Webster are the economic, the technological, the occupational, the spatial and the cultural. How does the economic state of society support or refute the notion that this is indeed an information society? One does not have to wait over long before some major information company makes headline news with massively expensive acquisitions such as Google’s purchase of You Tube for $1. 6 billion last October (BBC). Such acquisitions support an economic variant of the debate that we are indeed living in an information age. With massive profit to be made, some of the largest companies in the world work almost exclusively in the province of information. However, as Salvaggio points out â€Å"Examining the economic structure alone, provides only a limited view of the social and cultural implications associated with information societies. † (Salvaggio) It could be argued that we are as much a pharmaceutical society as an information one since pharmaceutical companies have also encountered massive growth; the empirical evidence to support such a contention would be impressive. This is not to say that economic indicators should not be taken into account, they clearly allow us to measure the depth and velocity of the growth of information as a cultural force albeit one that cannot offer us definitive conclusions as to the nature of any technological society we might presuppose. If the economic evidence alone is insufficient to offer any definitive proof that this is indeed an information society then how might the technological fare? Does technology itself helps to define the world we live in? To be clear we must acknowledge that technology is important to this argument. As Webster points out, Commonsensicaly, these (technological) definitions of the information society do seem appropriate. After all, if it is possible to see a ‘series of inventions’ steam power, the internal combustion engine, electricity, the flying shuttle – as the key characteristic of the ‘industrial society’, then why not accept the virtuoso developments in ICT as evidence of a new type of society? Commonsense though such definitions might be, they still struggle to conclusively demonstrate that the existence and use of said technology denotes a de rigueur use within a society. By the turn on the 19th Century the steam engines that revolutionized industry were being used en mass but the Luddite passions of much of the lower classes suggested a strong current of resentment towards the new ‘society’; if this was the age of steam then it was also the age of political awareness, of Imperialism or any one of dozens of social revolutions that were occurring at this time. Thus the technological criteria suffer from one intrinsic weakness, that being that the use of technology is not necessarily a culture defining event. However, Webster is pointing to the ubiquitous use of certain technologies that in this instance are primarily designed to deliver information from consumer to consumer. It is the sheer scale of this usage that helps justify it’s inclusion as one of the five criteria defining an information society. Of the two remaining definitions the ‘occupational’ remains more easily understood. An ‘Agrarian’ society such as that which existed in Europe during the Middle-Ages was precisely that, the overwhelming majority of people within the society were subsistence farmers. In the modern period no one occupation dominates, information however permeates all levels of occupational society. Regardless of the specific occupational role, information plays a significant role, whether via the use of new technologies (such as the internet) or by economic infrastructures made possible by a culture of global information. Webster’s use of the spatial criteria suggests that the increased connectivity we as a society benefit from is in and of its self a method of defining this period as an information society. The rapid growth of and the increasing reliance on communication as a means of achieving goals, has major impacts on how things are done, how much time that projects take and so on and so forth. If a society can be defined on how it prioritizes its resources then we can see that the huge growth in information networks does indeed point to an information society.

Bringing organizational change and leadership to Ford Motor Company Research Paper

Bringing organizational change and leadership to Ford Motor Company - Research Paper Example Leadership and the communication processes that are executed within the provided organizational environment have been proved by numerous evidences to be quite effective in determining the growth prospect of the organization. As stated by Quirke (2008), internal communication implemented in the working culture of an organization can work miracles when accumulated with effective leadership to turn strategies into actions (Quirke, 2008). Consequently, the aspect of leadership also plays a significant role in influencing the appropriateness and efficacy of the strategies adapted with due consideration to the internal communication. Therefore, both the aspects, i.e. leadership and communication can be stated as equally crucial in the modern perspective of business. In order to elaborate on the fact and identify the affectivity of these two most crucial aspects of modern business management, the paper shall emphasize on the organizational changes and leadership styles implied by Ford Motor s. It is worth mentioning that along with several other companies and its nearest and traditional competitors, i.e. GM and Chrysler, Ford Motors also had to fight against the recent global recession. In the year 2008, the company’s status was mounted with loads of debts and down-falling sales. This global stress faced by the auto industry led the company to refurbish its balance sheets through fresh strategies and a new outlook by 2010. This amendment included the appointing of a new CEO, Mr. Alan Mulally under whose supervision the company has to follow a comprehensive organizational change in the due course of its operations (The New York Times, 2011). The example of Ford Motors and its operations have laid remarkable evidence in re-defining the impact of efficient leadership and effective communication within the organizational hierarchy. In this milieu, the paper shall object to discuss the various aspects of leadership and communication methods implied in the realistic p ractices of the company. Another aim of the paper is to identify the problems related to the organization and intend to conclude certain relevant strategic measures to be beneficial for the company in its further performance. Company Overview Today, Ford Motors is recognized as one of the leading automobile companies in the international market with its origination in 1903. The company is a US based multinational company incorporated with designing, manufacturing, assembling and marketing its products to a wide range of customer all around the world. The company until 2010 had more than 90 plants operating worldwide. It presently employs almost 198,000 employees (Ford Motor Company, 2009). Since 1994 the company acquired the second position in the global automobile industry. It was in the year 1999 when the company earned its record profit amounted to $7.2 billion, which was followed by the purchase of Volvo as an investment strategy in the European market. In the following year the company purchased another brand, Land Rover and incorporated a new plant named Premier Automotive Group. This expansion strategy was expected by the company’s officials to be quite beneficial in achieving extra amount of profits through rejuvenated sales worldwide. But in its realistic practices, the company faced a gradual fall both in terms of sustainability and sales. For instance, the company was facing disputes among its workers in various plants. One of its major competitors Toyota had surpassed the company in terms of annual sales in 2006 (The New York Times, 2011). It is notable that a major reason which increased the chances for such occurrences was strategic announcement made by the company to shed more than 14,000 salaried and 30,000

Capital Punishment, A life and Death Issue Research Paper

Capital Punishment, A life and Death Issue - Research Paper Example Opponents also assert that the practice is overtly costly and racially biased while not realizing the intended outcome. Proponents think it is neither cruel nor unusual, quite the opposite, they think it fair and just. The objective of this study is to discuss the moral and legal concerns that literally are a life and death issue and is a key barometer when measuring a cultures collective conscience. The ‘eye for an eye’ faction not only accepts but insists that the death penalty be sustained and has supporting rational to back up their argument which will be covered comprehensively in this discussion. It will also take into account the opponents’ reasoning concerning why it should be eliminated along with the legal precedents concerned in an effort to achieve a comprehensive view of the capital punishment debate. Legal speaking, capital punishment is not unusual, by definition, unless one acknowledges the racial bias that exists throughout the justice system. The law cannot define whether it is cruel or not. Cruelty can be defined only by the collective social conscious of a society. The legal interpretation of the combined ‘cruel and unusual’ is open to debate, to some extent but the general usage of the word ‘cruel’ refers to vicious punishments that cause extreme pain. Most legal scholars agree that punishments that include body dismemberment or torture are unquestionably classified as cruel. The term torture was evidently open for debate during the past decade but the word means essentially the same universally; causing unwanted physical or mental anguish. The word ‘unusual’ is normally understood to mean going beyond what is an equitable application of punishment for an offense. For instance, if ten people were ticketed for a traffic violation and judge fined nine of them $150 but one was charged $1500, this punishment would be considered ‘unusual.’ Taken together in the phrase, †˜prohibiting cruel and unusual punishment’ signifies that the penalty should be apportioned equitably according to the specific offense committed. A ‘life’ prison sentence is an acceptable punishment but not if this punishment was imposed for jaywalking, that would be an obviously unacceptable sentence imposition because it is considered excessive and extreme given the nature of the offense. Excessive is a term that is also open to broad interpretation in both the legal and public realm. Some would contend, for example, that any amount of time imposed for ‘crimes’ such as the possession of drugs, prostitution and gambling should be interpreted as excessive consequently ‘unusual.’ The Supreme Court has on many occasions judged the merits of the death penalty and this action is interpreted as punishment which is cruel and unusual by the Constitution. The Court has consistently ruled the language of the Eighth Amendment does not prohibit t he death sentence as punishment. The Constitution was meant to be and is a malleable document, however. The judicial interpretation of the Eighth Amendment has evolved to some extent throughout the years. Therefore the Court could potentially reverse this standpoint at a future time as result of changing societal values. For instance, whipping convicted criminals was routine until the late Eighteenth Century. This practice is now considered to be inappropriate because society’s attitude changed to define it as a ‘cruel’ punishment. With respect to capital punishment, however, â€Å"

Wheeler, Chapter 3 Selling Consumption, 1880-1930 Consider primary Essay

Wheeler, Chapter 3 Selling Consumption, 1880-1930 Consider primary sources 1 through 19 - Essay Example Most department stores in the United States are tailored to deliver an emotional appeal, a strategy that has been used by marketers since after the civil war when women were the main targets for consumption. Retail therapy is a concept used in marketing making people purchased products to ease their emotional states. Conspicuous consumption in retail stores can be traced to attracting women as compared to men, using appealing painting, innovative lighting and other similar attractions that appeal to women’s eyes. The use of emotion is largely used in marketing photography. For instance, a photo showing the image of a woman is highly likely to be attractive.1This same approach is used in organizations marketing products to children. One of the images in the book has showed this, titled Christmas at Macy’s which shows two female children window-shopping for dolls. Class distinction is evident through the images in the chapter. The image of â€Å"Christmas at Macy’s, 1876† differentiates an affluent class from the underprivileged. The image depicts a mother and children peeping through a window and watching people conduct a myriad of activities. For instance Marshal Field and Company (1925 and 1927), promotes an image that shows a large building with several floors. Such an image shows prosperity and progress for 1925. The images confirm that there was an urban society at this time that was undergoing considerable urbanization. The advertisement about the eastern fair indicates an urban society that loves to celebrate. There are several events going on in the fair that define urbanization. Information on retail therapy and emotional appeals in marketing campaigns of retail stores shows that consumption is now mainly a female role and no longer a male role as was before. Currently, marketing strategies are aimed at impressing women more as compared to men. Additionally, there are more female-targeted consumption goods as compared to male

Will be provided Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Will be provided - Assignment Example The company provides services for offering CPR, which involves lifesaving techniques that are normally useful when it comes to emergencies. They also offer AED, which helps diagnose life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias in patients and through therapy and other treatments, can aid in stopping the disease. There is also the provision of First Aid, and this is usually given to people who suffer from injuries and also sudden illnesses. With all the above, the company is aimed at ensuring that the services it provides are aimed at satisfaction to the best of their ability. Though the sole purpose is to provide the best of services, there is also the possibility of certain problems always happening such as the loss of lives. The business also has its shortcomings that may be because there are certain unknown and natural factors that may occur which may be out of the control of the medical service provider (Foster 101). There is also the lack of proper equipment at times and also the growin g number of ailments of unknown origin that occur on a day to day basis. Though these may be problems and shortcomings, they do not hinder the capability of the company to ensure that they provide the best of what they can. They have a wide range of dedicated individuals who make up their staff, and they are all trained to ensure that they provide services that are satisfactory. They are experienced staffs who were chosen based on their education, experience and also social skills. The minimum education level accepted is a bachelor in the relevant field that ensures they have skills fit enough to help the medical service provider. Their experience is usually based on the years that they have been working, and all are given the proper training in order for them to provide the best of services. The staffs are also trained to bond together, and they are taught to treat each other as a family; thus,

Do you find the UN reports argument that family planning is a Essay

Do you find the UN reports argument that family planning is a fundamental human right-and a basis of other rights- convincing - Essay Example Family planning is a right that many countries hold as an important and key agenda. It is central to the development of a healthy nation. Family planning is essential for the health of mothers and their children, gender equality, and quality of education. These elements of a well-functioning society contribute to a reduction in poverty. The fact that many nations in the international community support the furtherance of basic reproductive rights fully is due to the great amount of research and debate. This brings onto the table the issue of individual human rights. Besides, family planning is a human right because it makes education and other opportunities more and easily attainable to both women and their families. In a recent study included in the UN Report, women with access to family planning services gained higher levels of education compared to those without (UN Report, 31). It is dangerous to slip into the assumption that correlation means causation, but there is a definite positive relationship between family planning and higher levels of education among women. Furthermore, the report outlined that not only women benefitted from family planning, but also the families of those women who had access to the service, who also showed higher levels of education (UN Report 3). When families are able to plan the number of children they have, they are able to make financial analysis to ensure that each child has the education they deserve. Family planning is a human right because it aids education and other opportunities for women and their fami lies. The UN states several convincing arguments that detail on the importance and necessity of establishing family planning as a basic human right. UN claims that the freedom to choose one’s own family can reinforce other human rights. In addition, the reproduction right has several layers: it is expressible in â€Å"both freedoms and entitlements including civil, political, economic,

Women's role in The Bronze Age Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Women's role in The Bronze Age - Research Paper Example The Euripides world has been in existence since the dawn of times and this has been usefully applied to support human life. This shows that is role is unique and applies to all the spheres of humanity. People therefore embrace bronze age and define it depending on the specific role it plays in defining the role of humanity in the prehistoric period. The archeological environment appears to be minute and is administered at various integrated levels, making it important to the entire group of people or even to the community. The stylistic consideration helps to establish the power of women and how these were centered in the definition of possession, position and family setup. In virtue of Menelaus, the wife' appeared to be mostly attached to the people’s believes and undertakes a reflection of battling for position. The narrative identifies the Greek originality and hence redefines the cultural thought that has been ideologically classified on the basis of willingness to underst and the empirical role of women in the ancient Bronze Age. Cultural formulations in the descriptive content offer people’s understanding of their role and especially when it comes to ensuring that the poor are supported. Further, the society provides the required morals and this is equally identified by its notable change in thinking, (Abramson and Inglehart, 1994). The assumptions hypothesized explore the optimism created by people’s voluntary support. This consciousness is explored based on notable possibilities described by scholars of psychology. The nature of Bronze Age is far beyond inborn character and it is non objective, it is non-predictive yet it is direct and based on a willing heart. In accordance with the moral exercise defined above, the notable inclusion of women in the changing attributes of the Greek mythology is considerably balanced against any possible disruptions. The conceptual analysis of the Women in Bronze Age brings body determinants as well as child disturbances in growth and relative human development values. The aggressive process involved in any developmental platform involves paths taken within the complex human evolution; growth and Archaeological record offers a reflection of existing sexual theories. Development precedents as well as essential incremental issues are phenomenal and this greatly impact on the increasing role of archaeological record complex. However, a comprehensive look at the elaborated natured of its visualized terminology provides a judgmental point of reference that relatively prevails in today’s family changeover compositions. Further, the core aspects which are re-enacted are provisionally defined through a list of processes working on political, social and managerial positions, (Banfield, 1958). An integral analysis of a conceptualized approach give a consultative terminology which womanly experience give a significant impact on the tremendous definition of erotic desires including incestuous desire as well as matricide. The understanding and study analysis of psychopathology as well as related human behaviors equality create significance in identifying the roles of women in the Stone Age period. This reflection projects the impact of universal fantasies in areas of parentage, incestuous relations and growing situational reflections explain dissatisfaction and high levels of uncalled substitutions within which marital challenges are supplemented. Conflict presentation has presently been frequented according to Archaeological record and a correlative composite explain parent’s contrasting roles and opinioned transference which actually give a non-predictable ideals within a family setting. Tragedies attached to growing disconnection between a family unit including sexual malfunctioning and

Alcoholic Anonymous Essay Example for Free

Alcoholic Anonymous Essay What I learned from Alcoholic Anonymous is that AA is meant for people who promise that they will never drink again and they drink again anyways. Its singleness purpose identifies that alcoholics work best with other alcoholics and the only difference from the twelve step fellowships out there is the first part of the first step and the middle part of the twelfth step. What I am powerless over and who we carry the message too? Many alcoholics in AA raise their hands introducing themselves as alcoholics, but never knew what it meant. In the Speakers meeting the groups felt really connected with the speaker, and gave him their full-undivided attention. The groups focused solely on the speaker and no one else, it was mainly white, black, and Hispanic men and women of all different ages starting from their early twenties up to their mid fifties. Around thirty people attended on October 21st at eight o’clock. The meeting was very humorous the speaker knew how to relate to the AA members by bringing his personal life experiences with alcohol to distribute his indication on the importance of sobriety. The speaker knew how to make the environment funny, happy, and outgoing. The speaker often referred to the Big Book specifying the hopeless condition and mind of the body. The first step is understanding the problem, the solution, and the program of action to bring back the solution. The main reason the speaker joined AA was because he could not imagine not drinking at all. The Big Book states that unless identification takes place then little or nothing can be accomplished. For the speaker the first step is the key in following through all the other steps. The question the speaker raised was what does it mean to be an alcoholic? He mentioned that one happens when he drinks it and the other happens when he does not drink it. Other than that he had a pretty good way of handling alcohol. The speaker always knew when to state his jokes. He described alcoholism as a physical allergy coupled with a mental obsession. The phenomenon the he craves when he wants a drink never occurs in the average drinker. This triggered a phenomenon craving to desire alcohol. An allergy meant that it was an abnormal physical reaction and the manifestation always showed up. The body of an alcoholic is quite abnormal as its mind. He got to AA not knowing how to explain his behaviors, and why he kept promising that he was not going to drink anymore and does it again repeatedly. The speaker always stated that he never knew the reason why he did it, his only reason was that he just did. Alcohol triggered a craving bigger than him that he couldn’t overcome. Men and women drink because they like the effect produced by alcohol. The sensation was so illusive for him that the quantities and qualities started to move around. The sensation he received from alcohol was so strong that he could not differentiate the truth from the false. Today looked a whole lot like yesterday and yesterday looked a whole lot like last week and it seemed that he was doing just enough to get by. The speaker viewed his alcoholic life as the only normal one. His observations to the way he reacts to alcohol wouldn’t mean him anything if he didn’t take the first drink. The alcohol craving is in his mind rather than in his body. His physical allergy to alcohol is not his biggest problem his biggest problem is that he gets restless, irritable, and discontented. All his problem happen to him when he is sober, and his main problem was that he could not stop starting because his problems will not go away when he stops drinking. He couldn’t choose whether he was going to drink or not. He related to the audience that he loved pawned shops because it was a pure equation to him. He could walk in with a deer rifle and walk out with the money. He never had a pawnbroker ask him what is he going to do with the money. His only problem was that he did not own a lot of stuff so he had to pawn things that did not belong to him. This created hard feelings around his family. He was poorly treated as a child that he finally ran away at the age of 47, and never went back. I learned that alcoholics make awesome plans but their plans work right up to where they don’t work anymore. The speaker tried to pull some kind of scam that would get everything out of the pawnshop. He pulled an insurance scam and had enough money to get everything out but had to stop for one drink and he was blackout for five days and only remembers 30 seconds of it. He lost the power of choice and control. His life was becoming unmanageable and his first step was to admit he could not manage drinking.

Market Development Strategy Implementation For MS

Market Development Strategy Implementation For MS Marks Spencer is the UKs top retailer and is listed in the FTSE 100 of London Stock Exchange. The company has expanded its business in many different global markets. The organization has its products and services in the food, clothing, hosing, and financial service businesses. The assignment is based on the business strategies used by the firm to grow its business in the current global and domestic market. The assignment is based on how the author analyzes individual product line (Strategic Business Units) and their overall business by using business tools like Stakeholder Analysis, Porters 5 Forces Analysis, Value Chain Analysis, BCG Matrix and Ansoff Matrix. After collecting the necessary date from the respective business tools the date is processed and used to draw new Business Strategies for MSs businesses. Once the business strategies are drawn then the author can make plans on how to apply them in MSs businesses. The new business strategies will help MS to improve their busine ss processes and help them to expand their businesses in new markets. Marks Spencers has many strategic intends to achieve its Vision. They are the number one retailers in UK so the management has adopted new milestones on how to conduct business by causing less damage to the environment. They have started their project Plan A in which the firm will try to minimize the damage to the environment as less as possible by their business processes. One of the most important milestones is to maintain existing customers and gain new customers for their products, for which they have special offers and schemes in form of membership cards, free shipping charges in domestic market and discounts during special occasions for their loyal and new customers. They have started conducting their business online with help of new ICT systems which has helped them increase their sales and serve their customers more effectively and efficiently. They also have many quality controls and strategies to improve their business processes and maintain their position in domestic and international markets. Marks Spencer has six main objectives which are Profit Maximization, Increase Sales, Market Leadership, Offering High Quality Services, Growth and Reward Shareholders. Profit Maximization is the most important objective of MS. The management has made plans to maximize their profits by increasing their revenues from all different business ventures and by cutting their cost by avoiding wastage of resources (raw material, labor, etc). Marks Spencers profit in last two years was in 2009 it was 506.8 Â £m and in 2010 it was 523.0 Â £m. Increasing Sales is also one of the most important business objective of MS. In order to increase sales they have expanded their business ventures globally by entering new markets and by upgrading their products with quality controls and tests they are able to satisfy their existing customers and attract new customers for their different business ventures. MS is able to increase its turnover from 8,164.3 Â £m in the year 2009 to 8,567.9 Â £m in the ye ar 2010. Market Leadership is one of the business objectives of MS, MS is the largest retailer in UK and so one of its business objectives is to maintain market leadership by constant reviewing of their previous performance and of their competitors. They have drawn plans on how to become the leaders of international markets by diversifying and improving their products according to the taste of the local customers. MS has made constant efforts to compete with the local competitors in international markets and their international turnover has increased from 897.8 Â £m in the year 2009 to 968.7 Â £m in the year 2010. High Quality Services is one the business objectives of MS, they have always maintained a high standards in quality of goods and services which has kept them on top of the UK retailers for many decades. The management is making new plans on how to evaluate and improve their services and goods to maintain their high standards to which other companies can compare and impro ve their performances. Growth is one the important business objectives of MS as the management understands the importance of growth that is if the firm doesnt grow it will not survive in todays competitive markets. Marks Spencer has made maximum expansions from the year 2001 after a new board was setup. MS has expanded its business by giving franchise to local people in different countries and has successfully expanded its business in more than 35 countries globally. Reward Shareholders is also an important business objective since its a listed public company in London Stock Exchange. It is in FTSE 100 list and like all the other companies MS has declare dividends every year based on their profits in order to keep a healthy relationship with their shareholders. The shareholders are the backbone as they have invested huge amount of liquid wealth through IPOs in MS to allow the firm to carry out its business with calculated risks. The Threat of Entry is one of the key areas in which the firm requires unique strategies on how to stop the new firms from entering their market segment. The firm either has slash down their prices to an extend that new firms cannot enter their market or have such a strong brand value that the customers stay loyal to their products. MS is able to maintain its brand loyalty and maintain itself as UKs number one retailer giant. MS has planned a long term strategy for growth which hinders new firms to enter in its market segment. The firm is thus successfully in this area of business. The Power of Buyers is the area of business that deals with how the firm satisfies its customers with products which are of better quality and are at lower price range. The customers have the bargaining power as there are large retail giants like Tesco, Sainsbury, Asda (Wal-Mart), etc to cater their needs. The quality and price range of MSs goods and services is still better than the rest retail giants so they are able to keep customers loyal to their products. The Power of Suppliers is the area in which the firm deals with its suppliers for its raw material. MS has supplies only from local suppliers and since they are few in number MS has less negotiation power. The suppliers of MS enjoy the power of controlling price of the raw materials. This is one area where the firm can really improve its business process by shifting their manufacturing units to places where the number of suppliers is more and they can have a better chance of bargaining with their suppliers. The Threat of Substitute is area of business that deals in planning on how to avoid customers from switching into new products. MSs management and RD department are responsible in upgrading their products so that the customers remain satisfied and not switch over to an alternative product made by its rivals. The RD department is so efficient in its work that not only they are able to satisfy their existing customers but als o attract new customers to their product line. Competitive Rivalry is the area of business in which the firm keeps a close check on its rival firms and plans on how to compete with them in a competitive market in a profitable manner. MS is able to maintain high standards of goods and services which allowed them to stay as the largest retail giant till date in UK. MS has used the BCG matrix from time to time and have used the data wisely. The matrix has helped them to penetrate in new and old markets with various new products and services. The products of MS are able to capture huge markets in high growing industries. MS has a diverse range of products and services so they have allocated their resources in the star products. They have opened many new outlets in prime areas for retail and helped their question mark products in becoming star products. MS has expanded their business globally so their star products are able to capture new markets easily. MS management has minimized their dog SBUs and has diversified those funds towards star products. This has helped the firm to be at the top of the retailers in UK and a major competitor in other international markets. Currently MS has only cash cow and star SBUs in market. The cash cows are not giving much return due to the recession and slow growth of global market but the star products are doing exceptional well because of their high reputation. The BCG matrix helps the firm understand their products life cycle and allocation of resources in the SBUs. BCG matrix has been one of the most important business tool for MS in analyzing their performance from time to time http://www.scribd.com/doc/24329524/Introduction 3.2 Ansoff Matrix Igor Ansoff had invented the Ansoff Matrix in 1941 and was first published in 1957 in Harvard business review. The Ansoff Matrix is a strategic marketing tool that links a firms marketing strategy with its general strategy and outlines the options open to the firm if they wish to grow, improve profitability and revenue. These options indicate to how to manage the development of the product range. It mainly presents four alternative growth strategies in a table (matrix) which are market penetration, market development, product development and diversification. Market Penetration is a growth strategy for existing products in existing market. The company tries to increase its market share by increasing the sale of its existing product in its current market by using new marketing strategies. Market Development is a growth strategy for developing new markets for existing products. The main objective is to find new markets domestic or international for the firms existing product. Product Development is a growth strategy for new product in existing markets. The firm has to develop new products and launch them in their current market to capture market share. Diversification is a growth strategy for new products for new markets. The firm has to launch new products for new markets in order to expand their business in different markets. This is one of the most important growth strategy as the company has to study the taste of new customers and design their products in order to capture market share of a new market. Marks Spencer uses Ansoff Matrix to analyze their overall business portfolio. Since MS is one of the largest retailers in global market they use all the four growth strategies of Ansoff Matrix in their business. Market Penetration is used by MS to attract customers and make them loyal to their brand by offering good quality and services. They have special offers and customer loyalty programs during special occasion which helps them to attract new customers. The firm has opened many outlets in their captured markets in order to increase sales of their existing products. Product Development is one of the main growth strategies used by MS, the firm develops it new products according to the change in fashion. This has helped the firm to grow rapidly over the years. Market Development is also a growth strategy practiced by MS as they are expanding their business globally. The firm has opened many new outlets in many other countries over the world. Their products have such high demand tha t they are able to expand their business in many countries. MS is a cash rich company therefore it can easily capture new emerging markets by opening new outlets at prime areas in different counties. Diversification as a growth strategy is also used by MS as they develop new products for new customers to cater their needs. The RD department of MS is highly efficient in developing new products for new targeted markets of the firm. MS when enters new market they modify or make their products according to the taste of their new customers. MS uses both Ansoff BCG Matrix to analyze their business processes and to draw up business strategies for growth in existing and new markets. The analyzed data is used effectively by the management and MS is growing its business over the years successfully. Develop evaluate possible alternative strategies for the organisation you have chosen. 4. Alternative Strategies Growth Growth strategies are adopted by companies when they try to win large market share, even at the expense of short-term earnings. The growth strategies can be classified into four types and they are market penetration, product development, diversification and market development. Marks Spencer also has to use alternative strategies to grow their business in this competitive world market. The management has to use all of their resources to plan new strategies on how to utilize their current products, current markets, new products and new markets, in order to ensure there is maximum business growth. 4.1 Alternative Strategies used by Marks Spencer Marks Spencer uses a mixture of many strategies to draw up plans for growth. MS having a diverse business can use many strategies to expand their business in domestic and in international markets. The strategies used are market development strategies, market penetration strategies, product development strategies, and diversification strategies. 4.1.1 Market Development Strategies Marks Spencers management can grow their business by using market development strategies in which they can expand their business in new countries. The products of MS are of high quality therefore their reputation can help the firm easily grow into new markets. The brand value of MS can even help the firm to venture into new market segment and attract new customers as the products are of good quality and are placed at competitive prices. The food, clothing and house ware businesses of MS can use this strategy to grow and reap huge benefits for the company. 4.1.2 Product Development Strategies MS uses Product Development Strategy for its house ware, food and clothing business. In food business MS has changed the packaging to cater the needs of customers who buy in bulk and in small quantity. In clothing line they introduce a new collection according to the change in fashion to attract customers to their clothing business. House ware being the largest business the firm is launching new products frequently to remain at the top of other retailer in UK. 4.1.3 Market Penetration Strategies MS uses Market Penetration strategies for all of existing businesses. This strategy has helped MS to remain at the top of all the retailers in UK. The clothing and food business use strategies like customer loyalty and value improvement strategies whereas the hose ware and financial service businesses use market share growth strategies to grow business. 4.1.4 Unrelated Related Diversification Strategies Relative diversification is the development of a new product line for the new market. Related diversification is of two types horizontal and vertical. Horizontal diversification is development of a product which is an alternative to your current product and Vertical diversification is when the company becomes its own supplier or distributor. Unrelated diversification is the development of a new product which has no relation to the market or the industry in which the firm conducts its current business. MS uses relative diversification strategies for its food and clothing business. For both businesses it uses horizontal diversification strategy by which it develops new food and clothing products as per the change in taste and trend of the people. Recently MS has started its business in Financial Service area this is a complete new business therefore the growth of these services are planned by unrelated diversification strategies. Therefore the firm has used many strategies to diversify and expand its business in order to sustain in the competitive market. The selection of strategies by the management has helped the firm to reap exceptional benefits and has helped the firm to maintain its position at the top of all the retailer giants in UK. The strategies used in global markets have also been successful and the growth rate of the firm is tremendous in foreign markets. The products and services are of high net worth therefore the firm can easily use the planned strategies to grow their business in local and international markets. Outline an implementation plan for the chosen strategies in question 4. 5. Growth Strategies Implementation for Marks Spencer Many of the plans for the strategic growth discussed before are already implemented by the firm. New plan for expansion in new markets (market development) is to be drawn and implemented to ensure strategic growth for clothing business. 5.1 Market Development Strategy Implementation for MS MS has to develop and implement strategic plans for capturing markets in different countries. MS has already expanded its business in many countries and their products are capturing huge market shares. Seeing tremendous international growth MS should capture new markets as their products are of good quality. The new markets will help the clothes business grow internationally and MS brand image will further appreciate. The steps for planning market development strategies are planning, organization structure, human resources, annual business plan, monitoring and control and linkage. Planning is the first step for developing a market developing strategies. The firm has to first decide which new market they should capture and what product line they should launch for their new market segment. A detailed research on the taste of their new customers needs to be conducted and then accordingly the firm needs to launch their existing or new product line. Organizational Structure needs to be decided by the firm before they layout their business foundation in the new market. Usually the firm gives franchise to the local people to open new store in new countries, this step helps in minimizing risk and the management is in the hands of the franchise holder. The firm still has control over the layout of the store and pricing of the products. Human Resources of every new store is taken care by the franchise holder but MS organizes workshops to train and help the workers to develop new skills. This helps MS to have employees which can cater the need of their customers effectiv ely. Annual Business Plan helps the firm to estimate or forecast their sales in the new market. The firm and the franchise holder have to allocate resources according to the annual business plan in order to ensure business growth. Monitoring Control is a crucial step in making the new business successful. MS has to monitor how the employees are trained to serve their new customers. The firm has to check if the products are properly displayed in their new stores. They have to carry out regular surveys to check the preference of the people and develop new products based on the analysis of the data collected. The firm has to give franchise to the people who will conduct business ethical or else their brand value will decline in that market segment. Linkage is when the firm keeps a close check on all the activities and makes sure that all the processes are conducted in the decided sequence regularly to ensure business growth. Linkage MS can use this growth strategy to develop a new market and by implementing this strategy it can grow its business in many part of the world. One of the business objective of MS is to grow therefore growing in international market is really profitable as MS has made constant efforts to compete with the local competitors in international markets and their international turnover has increased from 897.8 Â £m in the year 2009 to 968.7 Â £m in the year 2010. The international market of MS has shown a tremendous growth and so MS should make full use of this plan and grow its business in new markets. This plan also gives the firm the advantage of developing new products for their new market segments. The brand image has helped the firm to grow in many new markets therefore MS should utilize this growth strategy to develop new markets. Conclusion Quinn (1980, pg. 3) defines Business Strategy as the pattern that integrates an organizations major goal, policies and action sequences into a cohesive whole. A well formulated strategy helps to marshal and allocate an organizations resources into unique and viable posture based on its relative internal competencies and shortcomings, anticipated changes in the environment and contingent moves by intelligent opponents. The author has used many business measuring tools (BCG Matrix, Ansoff Matrix, Porters 5 Forces Analysis, Value Chain Analysis, Stake holder analysis, etc) appropriately to collect relevant data on each of the SBUs and on overall business. The data was processed and used to form new alternative growth strategies for MS. The growth strategy if used by the firm can help them expand their business and also to develop new product lines for new markets. Therefore the business strategies suggested by the author in the assignment are relevant for the firm if they want to grow their business in current global market and retain their position at the top of UKs retailer list. Reference List Books Referred Mooij, M, 2009. Global Marketing and Advertising, 3rd Edition. SAGE John, R, Gillies, G, 1996. Global Business Strategy. Cengage Learning EMEA. Johnson, 2008. Exploring Corporate Strategy. Pearson Education India. Johnson, G, Scholes, K, Whittington, R, 2006. Exploring Corporate Strategy, 7th Edition. Financial Times. Websites Referred History Introduction of MS taken (online), Available at: http://corporate.marksandspencer.com/aboutus/company_overview (Accessed 15th April, 2011) Mission Vision taken (online), Available at: http://www2.marksandspencer.com/thecompany/our_stores/world.shtml (Accessed 15th April, 2011) Definition of Strategic Intent taken (online), Available at: http://dilipnaidu.wordpress.com/2010/05/06/strategic-intent/ (Accessed 15th April, 2011) Objectives of MS taken (online), Available at: http://bizcovering.com/major-companies/a-case-study-on-marks-and-spencer/2/ (Accessed 15th April, 2011) MS 5 Years Records taken (online), Available at: http://corporate.marksandspencer.com/investors/fin_highlights/five_year_record (Accessed 16th April, 2011) Stakeholder Analysis taken (online), Available at: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/stakeholder.html (Accessed 16th April, 2011) Porters 5 Forces Analysis (online), Available at: http://www.1stessays.com/samples/businessanalysis.pdf (Accessed 16th April, 2011) BCGs Matrix taken (online), Available at: http://www.managementstudyguide.com/bcg-matrix.htm http://www.scribd.com/doc/24329524/Introduction (Accessed 17th April, 2011) Ansoff Matrix taken (online), Available at: http://www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk/ansoff_matrix-2.pdf http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/Ansoff-matrix.html (Accessed 17th April, 2011) Alternative Growth Strategies taken (online), Available at: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/growth-strategy.html http://paulcurtis.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/growthstrategymatrix.jpg?w=500h=446 (Accessed 17th April, 2011)

Effects of the Nuremberg Trials on Experiments and Ethics

Effects of the Nuremberg Trials on Experiments and Ethics Laws of clinical trials-the Nuremberg phenomenon Human research and war- German and the allied German: The Second World War (1939-45) is considered as the time when human research got a great attention along with all its flaws. The experiments conducted by the German government got all the attention, though the allied were also involved in such experiments. The experiments that were done can be divided into three categories Experiments aimed at facilitating the survival of Axis military personnel.- In Dachau, physicians from the German air force and from the German Experimental Institution for Aviation conducted high-altitude experiments, using a low-pressure chamber, to determine the maximum altitude from which crews of damaged aircraft could parachute to safety. Scientists there carried out so-called freezing experiments using prisoners to find an effective treatment for hypothermia. They also used prisoners to test various methods of making seawater potable. Experimentation aimed at developing and testing pharmaceuticals and treatment methods for injuries and illnesses which German military and occupation personnel encountered in the field- At the German concentration camps of Sachsenhausen, Dachau, Natzweiler, Buchenwald, and Neuengamme, scientists tested immunization compounds and sera for the prevention and treatment of contagious diseases, including malaria, typhus, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, yellow fever, and infectious hepatitis. The Ravensbrueck camp was the site of bone-grafting experiments and experiments to test the efficacy of newly developed sulfa (sulfanilamide) drugs. At Natzweiler and Sachsenhausen, prisoners were subjected to phosgene and mustard gas in order to test possible antidotes. Experimentation sought to advance the racial and ideological tenets of the Nazi worldview- The most infamous were the experiments of Josef Mengele at Auschwitz. Mengele conducted medical experiments on twins. He also directed serological experiments on Roma (Gypsies), as did Werner Fischer at Sachsenhausen, in order to determine how different races withstood various contagious diseases. The research of August Hirt at Strasbourg University also intended to establish Jewish racial inferiority. Others- Other gruesome experiments meant to further Nazi racial goals were a series of sterilization experiments, undertaken primarily at Auschwitz and Ravensbrueck. There, scientists tested a number of methods in their effort to develop an efficient and inexpensive procedure for the mass sterilization of Jews, Roma, and other groups Nazi leaders considered to be racially or genetically undesirable. Apart from the German experiments the other axis nation Japan had formed the unit 731, which had supposedly carried out human experimentations including germ warfare, weapon testing and vivisection. However the Japanese work was never tested on an accredited legal trial. Hal Gold, Unit 731 Testimony, 2003, p. 109 claims that this was mainly because MacArthur secretly granted immunity to the physicians of Unit 731, including their leader, in exchange for providing America, but not the other wartime allies, with their research on biological warfare.[1] Under leadership of Lev Smirnov, one of the top Soviet prosecutors at the Nuremberg Trials, The Japanese doctors and army commanders who had perpetrated the Unit 731 experiments received sentences from the Khabarovsk court ranging from two to 25 years in a Siberian labour camp. The Americans refused to acknowledge the trials, branding them communist propaganda. The allied experiments[2] The office of scientific research and Development (OSRD) was formed in the summer of 1941, by the executive order of the president of USA, to look over two committees –one related to weapons research and other the Committee on Medical Research (CMR)—to combat the health problems that threatened the combat efficiency of American soldiers. During the years the OSRD funded 600 research proposals valued at $25 million with 135 institutes.[3] The CMR not only provided the organisational basis but also the intellectual justification of post-world war NIH (national Institute of Health, USA). The CMR’s major concerns were dysentery, influenza, malaria, wounds, venereal diseases, and physical hardships (including sleep deprivation and exposure to frigid temperatures). The dysentery trials of CMR residents of the Ohio Soldiers and Sailors Orphanage in Xenia, Ohio; the Dixon, Illinois, institution for the retarded; and the New Jersey State Colony for the Feeble- Minded. The residents were injected with experimental vaccines or potentially therapeutic agents, some of which produced a degree of protection against the bacteria but, as evidenced by fever and soreness, were too toxic for common use. In the malaria trial researchers chose to infect residents of state mental hospitals and prisons. A sixty bed clinical unit was established at the Manteno, Illinois, State Hospital; the subjects were psychotic, backward patients who were purposefully infected with malaria through blood transfusions and then given antimalarial therapies. Similarly, residents of state facilities for the retarded (Pennhurst, Pennsylvania) and the mentally ill (Michigan’s Ypsilanti State Hospital) were used for the anti- influenza trials. Thus the wartime experiments both in the Nazi Germany and the Allied countries were promoting teleological as opposed to deontological ethics; â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number† was the most compelling precept to justify sending some men to be killed so that others might live. Post war changes – the Nuremberg Trial- The epic shift in universal regulations of human experimentations as it is hailed by some came after the Second World War. The basis was the German Exploitation of the Jews in various camps and the subsequent war crimes trial that are combined to be known as Nuremberg trial. The trial comprised of one International Military Tribunal (IMT) and twelve trials of other accused war criminals before the United States Nuremberg Military Tribunals (NMT)[4]. The NMT case 1- U.S.A. vs. Karl Brandt, et al, or the doctors’ trial as it is popularly known in public domain formed the basis of this regulation. Four counts of charges were brought against 23 doctors and researchers.[5] The counts included common design or conspiracy war crimes crimes against humanity Membership in a criminal organisation. The specific crimes charged included more than twelve series of medical experiments concerning the effects of and treatments for high altitude conditions, freezing, malaria, poison gas, sulfanilamide, bone, muscle, and nerve regeneration, bone transplantation, saltwater consumption, epidemic jaundice, sterilization, typhus, poisons, and incendiary bombs. These experiments were conducted on concentration camp inmates. Other crimes involved the killing of Jews for anatomical research, the killing of tubercular Poles, and the euthanasia of sick and disabled civilians in Germany and occupied territories. The defendants were charged with ordering, supervising, or coordinating criminal activities, as well as participating in them directly. The trial began on Dec 9, 1946 and ended on Aug 20, 1947. The trial saw 85 witnesses and 1500 documents. Out of 23 defendants, 7 were acquitted of all charges, 16 were found to be guilty and 7 of them were executed. The argument for the defendants that were placed before the tribunal were- The defendants had obeyed the laws of the Nazi regime. In fact, their experiments were the result of legally valid orders given by government authorities They were not guilty of any crime, and certainly not of a crime against humanity, because they were licensed physicians, engaged in research. And the research pattrn was not different from that in other places of the world. They had not violated any law or stature by which they were governed in place during the time of the crime. The NMT was not keen on trying the 1931 German guidelines, which was actually in force at the times of committing the crime, even after representation by defendants.[6] A document was hastily put in place on the advice of medical experts Harold Sebring, Leo Alexander, and Andrew Ivy, which later became famous as Nuremberg Code. It comprised of ten sets of guidelines as follows[7] 1. The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential. This means that the person involved should have legal capacity to give consent; should be so situated as to be able to exercise free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, over-reaching, or other ulterior form of constraint or coercion; and should have sufficient knowledge and comprehension of the elements of the subject matter involved as to enable him to make an understanding and enlightened decision. This latter element requires that before the acceptance of an affirmative decision by the experimental subject there should be made known to him the nature, duration, and purpose of the experiment; the method and means by which it is to be conducted; all inconveniences and hazards reasonably to be expected; and the effects upon his health or person which may possibly come from his participation in the experiment. The duty and responsibility for ascertaining the quality of the consent rests upon each individual who initiates, directs or engages in the experiment. It is a personal duty and responsibility which may not be delegated to another with impunity. 2. The experiment should be such as to yield fruitful results for the good of society, unprocurable by other methods or means of study, and not random and unnecessary in nature. 3. The experiment should be so designed and based on the results of animal experimentation and knowledge of the natural history of the disease or other problem under study that the anticipated results will justify the performance of the experiment. 4. The experiment should be so conducted as to avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury. 5. No experiment should be conducted where there is an a priori reason to believe that death or disabling injury will occur; except, perhaps, in those experiments where the experimental physicians also serve as subjects. 6. The degree of risk to be taken should never exceed that determined by the humanitarian importance of the problem to be solved by the experiment. 7. Proper preparations should be made and adequate facilities provided to protect the experimental subject against even remote possibilities of injury, disability, or death. 8. The experiment should be conducted only by scientifically qualified persons. The highest degree of skill and care should be required through all stages of the experiment of those who conduct or engage in the experiment. 9. During the course of the experiment the human subject should be at liberty to bring the experiment to an end if he has reached the physical or mental state where continuation of the experiment seems to him to be impossible. 10. During the course of the experiment the scientist in charge must be prepared to terminate the experiment at any stage, if he has probably cause to believe, in the exercise of the good faith, superior skill and careful judgment required of him that a continuation of the experiment is likely to result in injury, disability, or death to the experimental subjects. However the Nuremberg Code was not a law into itself. It was merely a loose collection of ideas drafted hastily to provide a trial. Apart from article 4, 5, 9 10, the Nuremberg code literally draws from the 1931 German Directive, though there are no acknowledgements of such and thus makes itself guilty of Plagiarism. [8] While article 4 9 are non-controversial, the article 5 10 are poorly worded and actually provided loopholes by virtue of being poorly structured. Article 5 seems to suggest that studies that are endangering the life of subjects are permissible, if the investigator also is a subject. This runs against natural justice, just because the investigator is ready to risk his own life, he has no right to endanger another person’s life. By this token, a drunken pilot should be allowed to fly, since his own life is at jeopardy along with that of his passengers. Similarly in article 10, investigator is not required to terminate the trial, but should be merely prepared to do so, if he/she thinks there is risk of death or serious injury to the subject. The difference between being required to stop and ready to stop has been lost on the authors of the document.[9] [1] Takashi Tsuchiya, â€Å"The Imperial Japanese Experiments in China,† in The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics (Oxford University Press, 2008), 35–42. [2] Enclyclopedia of Bioethics. [3] Ibid. [4] â€Å"Nuremberg Trials Project Introduction,† accessed April 12, 2014, http://nuremberg.law.harvard.edu/php/docs_swi.php?DI=1text=overview. [5] â€Å"Nuremberg Trials Project Medical Case Overview,† accessed April 12, 2014, http://nuremberg.law.harvard.edu/php/docs_swi.php?DI=1text=medical. [6] Sass HM, â€Å"Ambiguities In Judging Cruel Human Experimentation: Arbitrary American Responses to German and Japanese Experiments† 13, no. 3 (May 2003): 102–4. [7] â€Å"The Nuremberg Code (1947).† [8] RavindraB Ghooi, â€Å"The Nuremberg Code-A Critique,† Perspectives in Clinical Research 2, no. 2 (2011): 72, doi:10.4103/2229-3485.80371. [9] Ibid.

Welsh Language Census Report :: essays research papers

Sociolinguistics LING 2150 Assessment 1 Use the census data available on Welsh to build up a picture of what happened to a chosen small area of Wales over a period for which data is available in the census. The focus of your discussion should be on the rise/fall/stability of the minority language. Try to use data about the age of speakers, and degree of literacy. For this essay, I plan to look at what has happened to the number of speakers of Welsh in both Swansea and the Lliw Valley over time by using census data, comparing the two areas which both lie in South Wales in the county of West Glamorgan. These areas are of a similar size, with Swansea recorded in the 1991 census as being 24,590 hectares, and the Lliw Valley as 21,754 hectares. These measurements do not differ more than 500 hectares from year to year in the data I will use, however, I will have to take into account the fact that the boundaries for Welsh counties sometimes change between censuses. For this reason, I will have to be very careful when choosing my data. The population of my chosen areas differs dramatically though. In the 1991 census it was recorded that the population of Swansea was 181,906 and the Lliw Valley was 63,099. This means that in Swansea there are 7.4 persons per hectare contrasted with 2.9 in the Lliw Valley. Due to this, I thought it would be interesting to compare such an urban area as Swansea with a rather more rural area as the Lliw Valley to see if there are any differences that can be found regarding the number of Welsh speakers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We can see these two areas on the following map. Note the dense network of major roads around the Swansea area contrasted with the small amount in the Lliw Valley. Also, we can see that the counties of Dyfed and Powys are large rural areas, with sparse scatterings of major roads: (The public's library and digital archive, 1993) â€Å"Of the languages spoken at the present time in mainland Britain, Welsh has been here by far the longest,† (Price, 1984:94), so why, may we ask, has it come to be that it is only spoken by a minority of the Welsh population? We can see from the following table the extent to which the number of speakers of Welsh in Wales has declined since 1901:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Speaking Welsh only  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Speaking English and Welsh  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Total

Frivolous Lawsuits :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

Frivolous Lawsuits As children our parents tried to instill in all of us good moral judgment and common sense. However, if I was to open the newspaper I would surely find any number of articles on the latest frivolous lawsuit, these being even more outrageous than the ones in yesterday’s paper. How have we as a society, which is completely capable of rational thinking, allowed ourselves to become so intertwined in the blaming game? Americans file about 15 million lawsuits a year. (Cannell) A fourth of all lawsuits filed are either frivolous or fraudulent. Perhaps, the careless point of view about the seriousness of lawsuits is perpetuated by the false representation on the many law shows on TV, such as Ally McBeal and Law and Order, in which the case is neatly rapped up in an hour. In reality most court cases take about 19 months from start to finish. In order to analyze our â€Å"sue happy† society one must first find out, what actually is a lawsuit? A lawsuit is a legal action brought by a plaintiff, a person who claims to have been wronged, against a defendant, the person being sued. If a judge decides that a case has enough evidence to go to trial then the verdict may be decided by either a judge or a jury. Yet, 90 percent of cases reach a settlement out of court. (Cannell) The scary truth about lawsuits is that anyone can file a suit for anything! It is for the judge to decide if the case meets two criteria: there must have been a wrongful act committed and the plaintiff must have suffered. (Cannell) The way in which liability is determined seems to be an irony in itself. The civil law requires people to act with reasonable care, meaning not hurting others or damaging property. Also it requires the defendant to do what a reasonable person would have done. (Cannell) However, my question is, if a person is not using a reasonable mind then isn’t that person insane or otherwise mentally handicapped?

Buddhists’ religious beliefs with regard to health and healthcare

Buddhism is considered as both a philosophy and a religion involving a number of practices, beliefs and traditions based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, commonly referred to as Buddha – â€Å"the awakened one†. Buddha, who lived in the northeastern part of India in the 6th and the 4th centuries BCE, taught about dukkha (helping the sentient beings escape suffering), achievement of nirvana as well as about escaping what Buddhists believe, is the cycle of suffering and rebirth. The religion has got two branches – the Theravada and the Mahayana (Coward & Rattanakun, 1999).While these two branches enjoy a widespread following across Asian countries, Buddhism has grown tremendously over the centuries and can now be found in every part of the world. Considered one of the world largest religions, the current estimates by different sources put the followers of Buddha at about 1. 5 to 1. 6 billion people. The understanding of ill health by westerners and Buddhists is similar but the latter group lays more emphasis on having a balance interaction between the body and the mind and also between life and the environment as the source of good health.According to Buddhists, when this balance is upset, illness would arise. In correcting such imbalances, the Buddhists’ practices stress the need for a spiritual strength couple with an overriding sense of purpose in life which is based on a compassionate service for others (Coward & Rattanakun, 1999). According to Buddhists, this does not only make it possible for a person to create value even when faced with the severest of adversities like sickness or disease but enables one to learn from the experience for his or her personal growth.Since Buddhists believe in rebirth, human birth is considered as the start of a highly precious opportunity. To them, it is a unique occurrence since it presents an opportunity for the full development of human mind as well as realization of the compassion. With regard to conception, Buddhists believe that a child is conceived when consciousness merges with an already fertilized egg. It is then therefore that life begins. It is for this that Buddhists permit birth control methods that prevent conception but prohibit abortion. Death in Buddhism is an important occurrence and is viewed as a transition to the next life.A lot of spiritual energy is devoted to death and there are practices that must be observed to provide peace for the dying people. According to the Buddhists, death occurs in stages which involve disintegration of life’s physical elements into various subtle elements which culminates into the disappearance of the consciousness from the body (Coward & Rattanakun, 1999). Because when a person dies peacefully he or she would have high chances of a better rebirth, Buddhists strive to composed and calm the mind of the dying person through prayers and some special texts.Buddhism is a religion full of rituals that are geared tow ards promoting health. The Theravada Buddhists are known to burn the bodies of the dead. Because the body of the Buddha was cremated, this group of Buddhists practices this ritual in every part of the world. When a person is dying, monks are invited to comfort him or her. Prayers and verses are said to them to prepare them for their peaceful death. The bodies are then burn upon death (Coward & Rattanakun, 1999). A major conflict between Buddhism religious beliefs and the popular medical culture is on the bioethical decision making.While Buddhists uphold life and consider it sacred and therefore everyone should continue to live as much as possible, they do not believed that this should be promoted at all cost (Coward & Rattanakun, 1999). For example, Buddhists have little regard for the life support machines which they consider useless when the mind is no longer conscious. Being conscious and feeling less pain are the two basic factors that determine when a person should die accordin g to Buddhists. Once the conditions are extreme, Buddhists believed that it would be appropriate to die and therefore a natural and peaceful death would be much in order.In conclusion, it is clear that the views on health by Buddhists and the modern medicine are quite incompatible. However, they can be used to complement each other. An understating of the Buddhists’ perspective on health and healthcare may serve to widen the scope of the modern medicine through adoption of the rich philosophies of Buddhists on health and life. References Coward, H. G. & Rattanakun, P. eds (1999). A cross-cultural dialogue on health care ethics, Wilfrid Laurier University Press: Toronto.

The Miracle League of El Paso

Introduction There are thousands of children who play sports in the communities on facilities supported by residents through their tax dollars. The Miracle League of El Paso provides disabled children and young adults in our communities who cannot participate in a sport on a conventional field with a place to play baseball. The Miracle League of El Paso removes the obstructions that stop children with disabilities off the baseball field and allows them to experience playing the field. The main obstruction for disabled children starts from the natural grass fields.The Miracle League of El Paso is about building self-esteem, making new friends, and confidence. The Miracle League of El Paso applies a â€Å"buddy† system – coupling each player with a peer volunteer to help the players. The Miracle League of El Paso's strategic plan is to work closely with the Junior League of El Paso, Inc. and partnerships with the public leaders, and follow their directions, establishing a possible benefactor record. The short-term goal is the planning for an accessible, adaptable playground for the back area of the field.The Miracle League of El Paso plans to advertise and campaign to raise the needed $350,000 for the construction of the playground. The Miracle League of El Paso The Miracle League of El Paso is a non-profit organization that continues to grow with the community and the development through the innovative process of change within time. The nonprofit organization has developed a mission statement designed to motivate and encourage future success and permanence. The Miracle League of El Paso's mission is â€Å"to provide recreational opportunities to persons with disabilities, regardless of their abilities† (â€Å"The Miracle League Of El Paso†, 2013).The mission statement is positive, motivational, and long-term that definitely gives the nonprofit organization to strive towards. The mission statement helps develop the nonprofit organizati on as a resource that would be used by anyone who was doing research or just asking a question in general. The mission statement allows The Miracle League of El Paso to use any means possible to organize information (The Miracle League Of El Paso, 2013). There are thousands of children who play sports in the communities on facilities supported by residents through their tax dollars.The Miracle League of El Paso provides disabled children and young adults in our communities who cannot participate in a sport on a conventional field with a place to play baseball. The Miracle League of El Paso, and the community can provide the disabled children with an chance to experience the benefits from playing baseball. Even though the facility is built the Miracle League of El Paso continues to need support to sustain it (The Miracle League Of El Paso, 2013). The Miracle League of El Paso removes the obstructions that stop children with disabilities off the baseball field and allows them to exper ience playing the field.The main obstruction for disabled children starts from the natural grass fields. The Miracle League of El Paso teams play on a custom-designed, rubberized turf field that provides accommodation for wheelchairs and self-assured devices while preventing harm (The Miracle League Of El Paso, 2013). The Miracle League of El Paso is about building self-esteem, making new friends, and confidence. The Miracle League of El Paso applies a â€Å"buddy† system – coupling each player with a peer volunteer to help the players. The result from the buddy system is a bond that cannot be expressed.The buddy is there to protect the player. To assist the player in running, batting, and to be a long term friend for the whole season. Parents, relatives, siblings, and friends of players know their children's disability and therefore are encouraged to be the child's buddy. Buddies can start from the age of 12 and up (The Miracle League Of El Paso, 2013). The Miracle Le ague of El Paso caters to children who have a medical condition from any mental or physical disabilities, such as ADHD to cancer, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, and autism. â€Å"According to the 2000 Census Bureau’s states there are 5. million children in our country that have disabilities between the ages of five and 19, and with young adults the number increases substantially. † (Miracle League, 2013). Teams are divided by age and ability, which means that it is possible to have children from a wide range of ages on the same team if they play at a similar mental and physical level. There are three divisions of play, non-competitive, intermediate, and competitive. The difference is the teaching of regular baseball fundamentals in the competitive division. In non- competitive every child bats, runs, and last batter scores a home run.Intermediate division is in the middle of non-competitive and competitive division (Miracle League, 2013). The Strengths of the Mira cle League of El Paso is the ability to reach out to disabled children no matter their age is to become involved in a recreational sport such as baseball that schools, and little league teams would not include a disabled child. The main advantage of the Miracle League of El Paso is that this League is the only one of its kind in El Paso. The weakness of the Miracle League of El Paso is that the location is the only location for the park, and many children come from all parts of El Paso.A few children live in New Mexico. Because of the economy's situation many parents or relatives are not able to travel two times a week, especially if the park is 27 miles from their home. The Miracle League of El Paso needs to advertise through the social media more (Rivera, 2013). Opportunities for the Miracle League of El Paso is to advertise in the social media such as twitter, Insta-gram, T-mobile, Verizon, television, etc. Collaborate with other nonprofit organizations to help each other out wit h whatever is needed for each organization to sustain in today's economy.The Miracle League of El Paso needs to partner with the school district bus systems for transportation from each districts area to transport the children to and from Ponder Park for activities (Rivera, 2013). Threats for the Miracle League of El Paso is the downfall of the economy. Because of tough times, and a rise in unemployment it is hard to donate for the cause. Volunteers, coaches, and parents may begin to drop from attending and may not be able to pay for registration of their child along with uniforms. Trends for the Miracle League of El Paso would be to add onto Ponder Park with more recreational activities.The all inclusive playground. Another trend would be to add a Recreational center for additional activities to be added to Ponder park such as yoga, aerobics, dance classes, etc. (Rivera, 2013). Although the SWOTT analysis may be used for the external and internal environment, it may still have the organization's thinking remain in the same place rather than evolve and grow. With this the three circles analysis comes in to play. Everything that has been questioned to add on to the Miracle League of El Paso, and the areas that prohibit players and siblings to attend are the main concerns of the customers and the beneficiary's.The nonprofit organization needs to question if they are succeeding in their beliefs, distinctiveness, what should be provided, effectiveness and what to add to the values for the beneficiaries (Rivera, 2013). The Miracle League of El Paso's strategic plan is to work closely with the Junior League of El Paso, Inc. and partnerships with the public leaders, and follow their directions, establishing a possible benefactor record. Substantiate expenses of projects and create an official financial plan counting in-kind contributions. Plan meetings with potential organizations to establish possible field, and facility lease agreements.The Miracle League of El Pas o formed a website for the main way of corresponding what they are doing and who they are. Educate the residents and businesses throughout El Paso County about the Miracle League of El Paso through the public awareness support, public discussions, and speaking arrangements. Investigate innovated ideas for flourishing upcoming events and constant endowment raising to ensure future success (The Miracle League Of El Paso, 2013). The short-term goal is the planning for an accessible, adaptable playground for the back area of the field.The Miracle League of El Paso plans to advertise and campaign to raise the needed $350,000 for the construction of the playground. The playground will be created for mental and physically disabled children of all ages to play in an environment that children and their families can play together, regardless of their abilities. The playground will promote inclusive play by concentrating on convenience for age, developmental suitability, and sensory-stimulatin g activity that makes a superior partner for The Miracle League of El Paso (The Miracle League Of El Paso, 2013).The Miracle League of El Paso needs to increase the number of committed volunteers and coaches to downscale the number of players on each team. Seek additional volunteers from boy scouts, girl scouts, high schools that need so many hours of community work for graduation, surrounding schools, universities, church groups, civic organizations, YMCA, YWCA, retired community, etc. . Seek additional community partnerships (The Miracle League Of El Paso, 2013). An opportunity for the Miracle League of El Paso is to advertise in the social media such as twitter, Instagram, T-mobile, Verizon, television, etc.Collaborate with other nonprofit organizations to help each other out with whatever is needed for each organization to sustain in today's economy. The Miracle League of El Paso needs to partner with the school district bus systems for transportation from each districts area to transport the children to and from Ponder Park for activities (Rivera, 2013). The Miracle League of El Paso does not have a transportation system for disabled children and families, which inhibits them to get to each game or event at the Miracle field location.The Miracle League of El Paso will propose a partnership with the school districts of each area that disabled children are located in to help transport the children for each game. The Miracle League of El Paso can propose to use their umbrella general liability insurance for safety precautions during the use of the school district bus system. If the school district bus system could not partner with the Miracle League of El Paso, the Miracle League will try to establish a partnership with Sun Metro for specific days and times for the families and participants of the Miracle League of El Paso.To help raise money for the Miracle League of El Paso throughout the years a run/walk event for the cause will be established as well as possible future sponsors and partners to increase recreational activities for the Miracle League of El Paso. The grand strategy for the Miracle League is to partner with one major construction company, Hunt's construction company, in El Paso, Texas. Partnering with Hunt Construction Company will inaugurate the construction of the all inclusive playground for disabled children and their families.The Miracle League of El Paso will only ask to partner with Hunts Construction Company because will allow only for the full press and advertisement of one main construction company, along with the company logo on all participants, family members, and buddy t-shirts. The Miracle League of El Paso will also ask to have the television news broadcast the development of the all inclusive playground for advertisement of the construction company as well as the Miracle League of El Paso for future participants.One major functional tactic is that the Miracle League of El Paso's responsibility is to ha ve the CEO-Founder-Executive Director, Sandra Olivar to be devoted to the mission, and goals of the Miracle League of El Paso while preserving inflexible values and the highest principles of superiority. Sandra Olivar must be devoted to increase the resources required to construct and maintain the mission, and goals. Sandra Olivar must generate an atmosphere in which volunteers remain engaged and ommitted to the constant requirements of the organization. Sandra Olivar must incorporate a better understanding to the volunteer staff increasing the role in the organization’s mission and goals (Peace & Robinson, 2011). Because Sandra Olivar is the main director she has first-hand knowledge for the basis of schedules, strategic control, developing budgets around new events, and trigger points for the organization. Sandra Olivar is a powerful asset to the organization.Sandra Olivar has a powerful motivational connection with the beneficiaries and especially can connect with the volu nteers and beneficiaries through a reward system motivating them to further accomplish future goals for the organization (The Miracle League of El Paso, 2013). Sandra Olivar is the main non-paid volunteer operating the daily events of the League. Sandra Olivar’s responsibilities are to make sure that members register every season. Sandra Olivar must keep tabs on the increase and decrease of program fees and payments, which this year has increased to a 95% rate (The Miracle League of El Paso, 2013).Sandra Olivar must make sure that contributions and sponsorships have increased or dropped for the year, which for this year has dropped by 65% (The Miracle League of El Paso, 2013). The Miracle League of El Paso entails approximately $55,000 per season. The Miracle League of El Paso has sustained 300 players and intends to increase that rate substantially once the advertisement of the all inclusive playground has been initiated. Because of the drop of volunteer coaches the Miracle League of El Paso is training older disabled players.The trained coaches must have had at least three years of experience with the Miracle League. This action will help increase the volunteer coaches for the increase of disabled children teams (The Miracle League of El Paso, 2013). The functional tactic of time horizon gives the organization a focal point of implementing the grand strategy today instead of five years from today. The forecasted time horizon for this implementation of the all inclusive playground is one year. Time horizon also allows the leaders of the organization to adjust to any changes or conditions that may occur through the implementation period.Participants of the organization are the key developers to develop the implementation plan of the all inclusive playground. Sandra Olivar must involve operating volunteers with first-hand knowledge of what needs to be implemented to achieve the short-term goal of the playground. Plus, once the commencement of the playgro und has begun, other events must be catered to, which all volunteers, including Sandra Olivar must be involved (Peace & Robinson, 2011). Sandra Olivar will promote policies for the volunteers and participants formally and informally. Policies promote people to act.Formal written policies will be distributed to each volunteer and participant with instructions to read and fully understand what is asked and instructed for a safe environment as well as a prosperous one. If there is any misunderstanding of the policies Sandra Olivar will be available at any time to help. Informal briefings of the policies will be held twice a month among everyone in a group not only to inform the volunteers and participants of changes, but also to engage everyone to give ideas and support for future implementations (Peace & Robinson, 2011).The Financials for the Miracle League of El Paso were given to Cindy Rivera from Sandra Olivar. Sandra Olivar has asked that Cindy Rivera keep most of the information private because of the confidentiality of specific policies and sponsors (The Miracle League of El Paso, 2013). ANNUAL REVENUE & EXPENSES Fiscal Year Starting: Jan 01, 2011 Fiscal Year Ending: Dec 31, 2011 REVENUE TOTAL REVENUE $99,799 EXPENSES TOTAL EXPENSES $12,177 The contributed revenues are as follows: CONTRIBUTED REVENUE Scholarship Donations$125 Team Sponsorships$4,500 Individual and Corporate Donations$22,158TOTAL CONTRIBUTED REVENUES$26,783 The earned revenues are as follows: EARNED REVENUES Registration Fees$5,375 Merchandise Sales$1,305 Field Concession$48,067 Fundraising UTEP Concession$6,083 Bike Run & Car Show$1,348 Comedy Show Tickets$650 Baby Pageant$1,000 Walgreen's$3,500 Easter Basket Sales$850 Macy's$650 Miscellaneous Income$4,188 Subtotal-Earned Revenues $73,016 The forecasted campaign to raise money for the all inclusive playground is as follows: Campaign Goal $350,000 Campaign Dates Dec 2012-Dec 2014 The forecasted campaign to promote future donations and spons ors is as follows: Campaign Goal 100,000 Campaign Dates Dec 2012-Dec 2014 The risk management plan for the Miracle League of El Paso is to enhance and support activities in all parts designed for disabled children and young adults. The risk management plan ensures that the plan is a primary part of the Miracle League of El Paso's decision-making process. The Miracle League of El Paso will use a prearranged risk management method to reduce logically probable financial, physical, or legal impairment to people, disturbance to procedures, and harm to the surroundings and material goods.The Miracle League of El Paso will classify and obtain gain of prospects as well as reducing unfavorable outcomes. The Miracle League of El Paso will educate the group to execute risk management successfully. The Miracle League of El Paso will attempt repeatedly to advance the risk management procedures (The Miracle League of El Paso, 2013). Sandra Olivar is responsible to the organization for the executi on of the risk management procedure and finally in charge for the risk management in the group. All volunteers and participants are accountable for supervision risks in their part.Sandra Olivar will have a diverse outlook of safety to that of a referee or player (The Miracle League of El Paso, 2013). The endeavor of any risk management arrangement is to help the organization to recognize possible risks to its functions and widen corrective measures that will reduce, eliminate, and control the danger connected with those dangers. To make effective decisions, Sandra Olivar must assess and take steps to control certain dangers and their impact (The Miracle League of El Paso, 2013). To conclude, the risk management plan must be successful, it should become part of the Miracle League’s traditions.Risk management must be incorporated into the Miracle League’s operating actions, attitude, strategic plans, and should grow to be the accountability of each person in the Miracle League of El Paso. We cannot change or cure the medical issues life has dealt our children with disabilities. What we can do is provide them what an opportunity to experience the joy and benefits which comes from playing baseball and other recreational sports and activities available (Rivera, 2013). References Barney, J. B. (2007). Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage (3rd ed. . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Mintzberg, H. , Ghoshal, S. , Lampel, J. , & Quinn, J. B. (2003). The strategy process: Concepts, contexts, cases (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Pearce, J. A. , II, & Robinson, R. B. (2011). Strategic management: Formulation, implementation, and control (12th ed. ). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. The Miracle League of El Paso. (2013). Retrieved from http://miracleleagueofelpaso. com Miracle League. (2013). Retrieved from www. miracleleague. com