Gender and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gender and Politics - Essay Example In 2000, the United Nations approved the millennium declaration, which insisted on gender equality as essential in eradicating poverty and realizing sustainable development. In the millennium development goals (MDGs), gender equality is one goal, and gender perspectives have to be included in the implementation of the other MDG’s. Some of the observation regarding gender and development is that men are largely missing from gender practices and policies (Cornwell 1997, p. 9). In order to achieve gender equality, there must be positive changes in the lives of women as well as men. Development programs must be scrutinized to avoid negative gender outcomes. This paper will discuss the concept of gender and how it has affected development programs in many countries. For the past three decades, people have accepted the gender-based approach to the development programs. Gender analysis and gender training act as key tools in any development process. The concept of gender, which becom es increasingly integrated in development programs, may be highly misunderstood. Most gender oriented programs focus on women since the term gender may be seen as a synonym for â€Å"female† or â€Å"women†. The term gender has also been confused with sex, which means biological characteristics, which makes one either a man or a woman. Female roles may include working on the farms, both on the family foodstuff and the cash crops. On the other hand, men may only be tasked with marketing the cash crop in the market; they control the income obtained from the farms. Women lose control of resources like land, hence become excluded from access to desirable agricultural methods (Momsen 2009, p. 2). Case study In a certain rich coffee-growing nation, the government decided to boost the coffee productio

Why “Baes” Never Stay Essay Example for Free

Why â€Å"Baes† Never Stay Essay Teen romance is like a minefield – very few make it through completely unscathed, and the path is often strewn with the shrapnel of countless broken hearts. According to common wisdom, the reason behind all this affliction is because teenagers are capricious creatures who lack the maturity to resolve relationship issues. However, maturity is not the only key factor playing into why teen couples just are not staying together happily. Social media pressures young people to be in constant contact with one another, meaning they can constantly monitor the other. Maturity and social media are large factors in the way many relationships play out nowadays, but the same people writing articles about the topic are the ones forgetting the most important factor; communication. Building an emotional relationship and being able to relate and interact with your partner is the foundation to a truly satisfying and healthy relationship. We live in the age of social networking, and in the past few years, technology and turned both our world and the way we talk to others completely around. There are both good sides and bad sides to such advancements and changes, as one should expect. Since words are typed onto a screen rather than spoken face to face, it is extremely easy to misunderstand words, as there is very little contest surrounding them. Such facts can cause one member of the relationship to mistake a statement one said to make it seem like something else, therefore an argument occurs. Jealously among teenagers is quite ridiculous. Fifteen years ago, one would not have to worry about whether or not their significant other would make them their â€Å"Man Crush Monday† or â€Å"Woman Crush Wednesday† nor would they get upset if the same person didn’t text them back within half a minute. There was no â€Å"relationship status† on the internet, no reason to question their lover’s loyalty over who â€Å"liked† their pictures. The teenagers of the current generation see the problem, in fact, 75% of a surveyed group agreed that social media can affect relationships with others (Quiet Voice 1). Social media and relationships can go hand in hand at times, for traveling  spouses overseas or a family member away at college. Unless you are mature enough and already have the emotional connection with your partner, I would not rely on a computer to run your relationship. Maturity plays a major role in the success and the demise of relationships. Maturity influences a person’s ability to truly commit to a relationship for life and understand that commitment implies giving up all other partner choices. So as a teenager, not many understand the concept of maturity and trust. Certain life experiences they receive along the way can help them realize such things. High school relationships can be categorized into three different categories: Those who care about themselves intentionally, those who care about themselves unintentionally, and those who care about the other person. The ones who care about themselves intentionally are the ones who date strictly for the relationship and the title, not the other person. In a case like this one, 0% of the relationships survive because essentially, it was not a relationship to begin with. Caring about yourself unintentionally is one thought that usually would not cross your mind. It is a difficult category, as not many always see it. You will catch yourself saying â€Å"Oh ___, I love the way you make me feel! You make me so happy!† Person A claims to care about Person B, when I reality they are truly just trying to satisfy their own personal needs. Finally, those who care about the other person. When you can truly say you have reached this stage, you have gained the independence and the maturity to maintain a steady and committed relationship. The high school sweethearts, married for over fifty years now, are the teenagers who made the decision to be committed and responsible young adults, taking the lead over others their age at the time, but setting an example that yes, it can be done. Communication allows us to share interests, aspirations, and concerns with ones we care about. Good communication is about the way we talk and listen, and about our body language (Better Health 2). Healthy relationships rely on the fundamental of communication. When people stop interacting well, they stop relating to each other, and it can cause them to disconnect. It is much easier to face problems when you have the ability to talk through them with each other. Being in a relationship in high school should not have to be  stressful, one should be able to laugh and just enjoy each other’s company. The main problem in our generation of teenagers is that we seem to have lost the mannerism of actually speaking to one another. 83% of teens break up over text message rather than face to face (Stay Teen 1). When relationships or even friendships are conducted primarily through texting, the context of the conversation is stripped off all personal aspect. As a whole, teenagers must learn the important characteristics of communication and how interacting well with others will almost always lead to a healthy and loving relationship. A strong, healthy bond with someone you truly care about can be one of the best supports in your life. It improves all aspects of your life, strengthening your health, mind, and your connections with others as well. Your significant other can be your best friend, and you will have many adventures and maintain a fun relationship with the one you love. Works Cited The Good And the Bad: How Social Networks Affect Our Relationships †¢ Domain .ME Blog. Domain ME Blog The Good And the Bad How Social Networks Affect Our Relationships Comments. N.p., 02 Sept. 2014. Web. 27 Mar. 2015. Lyness, DArcy, PhD. Love and Romance. Teenshealth.org. N.p., May 2013. Web. Stay Teen | Home. Stay Teen | Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2015. The Quiet Voice. The Quiet Voice. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2015. Home | Better Health Channel. Home | Better Health Channel. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2015. Lifehacker Australia. Lifehacker Australia. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2015. Home: National Healthy Marriage Resource Center. Home: National Healthy Marriage Resource Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.

Maya Deren and Her Successful Integration of Dance and Film :: Biography Biographies Essays

Maya Deren and Her Successful Integration of Dance and Film The topic of dance films could not be discussed without mentioning Maya Deren. A dancer, ethnographer, philosopher, and â€Å"visual poet†, Maya Deren is said to have given birth to the American avant-garde film movement. Born Eleanora Derenkovskaya on April 29, 1917, in Kiev, Ukraine, (the year of the Russian Revolution), she was a revolutionary innovator from the start. She was born to her beloved mother Marie Fiedler and father Solomon Derenskovsky. In 1922 her family left the Soviet Union for America. They settled in Syracuse, New York. By 1928, her father had shortened their name to Deren. Maya’s childhood name was Elinka. As a young girl, Elinka hated her legs. She had a rather stalky build for American standards, and because of this, she loved to wear boots. At age ten she gave herself the nickname of â€Å"Bootsy.† Little did she know where those stalky legs would take her. Deren attended Syracuse University to study journalism. This is where her interest in film was first sparked. During this period, she began to write poetry, served as the national secretary of the Young Peoples Socialist League, and met her first husband, Gregory Bardacke. Although her marriage did not last long, Gregory helped her to develop a strong interest in politics, an area in which she would continue to participate. Deren completed her B.A. at New York University in 1936. She then went on to earn an M.A. in English literature from Smith College in 1939. It was her next move that introduced her to the world of dance. She found a secretarial job working for African American dancer and choreographer Katherine Dunham. With Dunham, Deren toured with the road show of Cabin in the Sky. While on tour, she met her next husband and life long inspiration, Czech filmmaker, Alexander Hackenschmied, later known as Alexander Hammid. It is her union with Hammid that allowed her to combine her interests and begin to create films. From an inheritance she earned from her father, she bought a second-hand 16mm Bolex camera. With this camera, Deren and her husband created her first and most famous film Meshes of the Afternoon in 1943. By this time, Elenora had shortened her name to Maya, the word for â€Å"veil of illusion† in Hindu mythology. Deren went on to create many more avant-garde films integrating dance, mise-en-scene, and the art of montage.

Essay --

The Brain Pacemaker: A New Hope For Seizure Patients Molly M. Manley Schoolcraft College The Brain Pacemaker: A New Hope For Seizure Patients Times have certainly changed with the progression of technology and health care; more specifically, with the advances in care for patients who suffer from epilepsy. â€Å"An epileptic seizure is a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms resulting from abnormal, excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. This activity results in an alteration in motor activity, sensation, behavior or consciousness† (Solomon, 2012). Over the years, medications have been discovered to help minimize the amount of seizures and/or the intensity of seizures in patients of all age ranges; but not all medications are effective because of the variance in each person’s genetic make-up. Although, when medication fails, and the seizures don’t stop, that’s when a California-based company, NeuroPace, rewrites the present and future of patients with epilepsy. NeuroPace is responsible for the creation of the Responsive Neurotransmitter System (RNS); which d...

Information Systems Security Survey Essay

The University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) is an institution that was built back in the 19th century. UNMC’s mission is to improve the health of Nebraska through premier educational programs, innovative research, the highest quality patient care, and outreach to underserved populations (UNMC, 2004). As an institution with key interest to privacy of its students, staff and subordinate staff, UNMC has adopted various policy guidelines to ensure information security system. The Information Security Management Plan (ISMP) describes its safeguards to protect confidential information. These safeguards are meant among another reason to: Ensure the confidentiality of data Ensure the integrity of data Ensure the availability of data Protect against anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of the information UNMC has adopted information security industry best practices to implement its information security system (UNMC, 2014). They have become so effective that during 2011, a Hitrust Gap assessment was performed, and no significant gaps were found within its security program. The worksheet below outlines how these programs have been rolled out by different offices in the university. Worksheet: Information Security Program Survey Security Area Responsible Party / Office of Primary Responsibility Known Vulnerabilities / Risks Countermeasures / Risk Mitigation Strategy Acquisition (systems/services) Information Security Office Breach of the confidentiality clause All service providers must undergo an evaluation process to verify they are qualified. Contracts have a confidentiality clause whose breach terminates the contract. Asset management System Administrator Poor asset management Proper policies and procedure in place  to ensure effective asset management. Evaluation to ascertain the qualifications of asset managers. Audit and accountability Information Security Office Dishonest employees disclosing confidential information to third parties Every application contains a log that must be maintained to meet regulatory requirement. There is Information security Incident Response plan to handle any notable strange events. Authentication and authorization System Administrator Covered data may be transferred to third parties without authorization Employees are provided with user name and password to access the data. Employees are trained on developing a secure password. There are control policies in place governing access to this information. Business continuity Information Security Office Non-coordination and miscommunication between employees All employees are supposed to keep contact information of co-workers and supervisors to seek for help in case of any emergency. Compliance management Compliance Officer the Information Security Officer Employees failure to comply with the set guidelines, policies and procedure There is a compliance form that is filled before a major project is undertaken by the enterprise. The form is to ensure that no new risk is introduced to the enterprise. Configuration control System Administrator Compromised system security Every configuration must have a password. Each password must have at least ten characters. The password must be encrypted at all times. Data System Administrator Data may be intercepted during transmission Database with security keys is available to authorized employees only. Access to classified data is allowed to limited employees. Information security plan ensures security of covered data. Hardware System Administrator Destruction of hardware in disaster Only employees with technical know-how of operating hardware are allowed to use them. The hardware are encrypted for security purposes. Hardware backup system. Identity management Information Security Office Unauthorized covered data and information transfer through third parties Identity Management Program (IDM) outlines procedure for issuing credentials based on the NIST guidance. Checks are done on employees prior to their employment. Incident management Command Centre Incident Response Team Physical loss of data in a disaster An Incident Reporting and Response Plan is in place to report and respond to any  identified risk. Availability of a well-trained incident response team. Command Centre is established to manage emergency. Maintenance procedures Change Advisory Board (CAB) Existing patches within the security system A release process is in place to ensure that the changes do not affect non-primary system. Patching policies for workstations to ensure security. Media protection and destruction Information Security Office Unauthorized access covered data as well as information Data storage policies define how data stored in the media is to be protected. Data is only stored in a secured data centre or encrypted medium. Network System Administrator Unauthorized access to the network Network traffic is controlled by Cisco enterprise-class firewall where inbound connects are only allowed to DMZ. Internal trusted network is provided via an encrypted VPN tunnel. Technical perimeter is established to bar direct access from the internet to the Internal Trusted Area. Planning Information Security Office Poor planning that compromise management of the security system Contingency plan is in place to handle any eventuality. Employees are encouraged to store data on network file servers for backup. All backups are surely stored and marked for easy identification during emergencies. Personnel System Administrator Loss of data integrity Employees are only employed after exhibiting minimum security requirement. Information Security Addendum are to be signed for confidentiality purposes. An insider who ensures that all legal requirements are followed before access is granted must accompany outsiders accessing information. Physical environment System Administrator Physical safety of the environment may be compromised through attacks and burglary No unauthorized personal is allowed within the data centre premises. The data centers are controlled by keycard access. Policy Information Security Plan Coordinator Policies may be misinterpreted by the employee The University’s security policy is enshrined in the Privacy, Confidentiality and Security of Patient Proprietary Information Policy and the Computer Use and Electronic Information Security Policy. The two policies require that authorized people can only access this information. The policies are reviewed every two years to make them in tandem with the prevailing circumstances. Operations The Information Security Officer and the Infrastructure Team  Failure for operations to comply with the system security policy An operation must fill a compliance Checklist or a Security Risk Assessment form for review to verify that no new risk is introduced to the enterprise. Outsourcing System Administrator Unauthorized disclosure of security information by third parties Outsourced vendors must comply with UNMC Policy No. 8009, Contract Policy. Vendors accessing classified student information must sign the GLB Act contract addendum. Risk assessments Information Custodian Poor method of risk assessment that may downplay the actual impact of a risk Security assessment I conducted annually. All applications must meet the organizations security policies and procedure. Software System Administrator Software may be infected with a virus Software should not be installed unless the user trusts it. Vendor update and patches must be installed unless directed otherwise. Software license must be retained to get technical assistance. Training System Administrators and Information Custodians Misuse of security system Loss of data integrity Employees are trained on information security system before they are employed. System administrators and information custodians are annually trained on Specific Information Security Policy and Procedure. References UNMC. (March 2014) Strategic Plan 2010-2013. Retrieved from http://www.unmc.edu/wwwdocs/strategic-plan_06-10_v3-brochure1.pdf United States Government Accountability Office. (February 2010). ELECTRONIC PERSONAL HEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGE: Health Care Entities’ Reported Disclosure Practices and Effects on Quality of Care. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d10361.pdf UNMC. (February 9, 2004). Information Security Plan. Retrieved from http://www.unmc.edu/its/docs/UNMCInformationSecurityPlan-Sept2010.pdf

Neighborhood Crime Prevention Program Essays

Neighborhood Crime Prevention Program Essays Neighborhood Crime Prevention Program Essay Neighborhood Crime Prevention Program Essay Neighborhood Crime Prevention Program Name: Course: Date: Neighborhood Crime Prevention Program Introduction Neighborhood crime prevention program is part of a comprehensive package that is implemented to deter and prevent crime within neighborhoods by involving the residents. It involves a neighborhood watch where people watch over their neighbors’ safety. It works through neighbors within a residence who are supposed to look out for suspicious issues and incidents and report them to the police before anything happens (cityofboise.org, 2012). This helps in deterring potential crimes and offenders from committing their crimes. It ranges from block watch, community watch, home watch and citizen alert. Neighborhood crime prevention programs arose because of emphasis in the involvement of citizens in enhancing prevention of crime. It is one of the oldest programs of deterring crime in the United States. It was officially launched in 1972 where citizens were required to organize themselves and work with the police and other law enforcement authorities in deterring crime. Since its initia tion, statistics have correlated it to safer neighborhoods. Overview of history and objectives In 1972, a model of neighborhood watch program was created by the National Sheriffs Association. It was in a search of a crime prevention program to address an increase in crime especially burglary (cityofboise.org, 2012). However, its development started towards the end of 1960s after the rape and death of Genovese where several neighbors were witnesses but did nothing to help their neighbor. This resulted in people forming groups to watch over their neighbors. Since then it has continued to grow across the country. Recently this year, it was emphasized even more after the shooting of a teenage boy by a man claiming to be on a neighborhood watch. He left his car to pursue the boy, which is against the role of a neighborhood program. The program does not allow neighbors to take the law into their hands. Rather, they are supposed to report the crimes. The main goal of neighborhood crime program is deterring crime and preventing potential offenders from committing crime through collaboration between the citizens and the police department, as well as creating a sense of community within the residences. The objectives could vary in different regions depending on the different security needs within different neighborhoods. However, there are general objectives that apply to all neighborhood crime prevention programs as stated below. Teaching citizens on how to keep their homes safer and reduce the probability of falling victims of crime through watching each other Encouraging residents to become more acquainted with each other and seek ways of creating a strong sense of community in order to work together towards protecting their neighborhood Training citizens in ways of reporting and recognition of suspicious incidents as well as suspicious people within their residence Opening up communication between the neighborhood, sponsors, law enforcement departments and other stakeholders in order to enhance collaboration and coordination Increasing awareness to citizens on burglary issues and other crimes through a continuous information and communication program Enlisting all residents, homes, apartments and businesses within a resident in operations identification Literature and organizational structure, operations and practices of programs There have been several pieces of literature on the issue of neighborhood crime prevention program. They have focused on researches conducted about their effectiveness and evaluations on their performance. Much of the literature has associated neighborhood programs with low crime rate, suggesting they are effective in deterring crime. Much of the literature review has been conducted by institutions such as the police and the federal bureau of investigations. Some of the practices of the programs include notifying the police of suspicious incidents, working with police and forming collaboration with the neighbors. Additionally, its organization takes the form of collaboration between the citizens and police where the people are the eyes that identify the potential crime while the police come in to intervene. Data or statistical analysis According to statistical analysis, neighborhood crime programs are effective in reducing criminal activities. The data show a crime reduction effect of 16 to 26 percent National crime prevention council. (2012). The popularity of the neighborhood programs has continued to increase over time with about 41 percent of Americans estimated to be living in communities covered with neighborhood watch. From the report, this was the biggest form of organized crime deterrent program in United States (Bennett, Holloway, Farrington, 2008). Effect on crime and community From several studies, it has been proven that neighborhood crime programs are effective in deterring crime. They have the ability to prevent and reduce crime, as well. Considering that it focuses on preventing potential offenders from engaging in criminal behavior through collaboration between the citizens and the police department, it has several effects on crime and community, as well. The biggest effect on crime is stopping the potential offenders from committing crimes through warnings that show an area has neighborhood programs. On the other hand, its ability to deter crime ensures that neighborhoods can be safer. It also enables citizens to take responsibility of their own security and safety through watching out for each other. The research further fins that not all of the neighborhood programs were successful. Some yielded no result in reducing crime. The report cites that areas with a high rate of crime are harder to implement such programs due to the lack of trust among the neighbors (Gross, Ruoff, Laino, 2012). Performance Evaluation and citizen participation/support In areas where the programs are successful, support and participation of the citizens is usually high to enhance the safety. The program does not work without proper coordination among the neighbors. However, for most areas where such programs have been implemented, citizen participation has been favorable making them a success. Without the collaboration of police and the citizens, such crimes would hardly work. Citizens have taken responsibility of taking care of their neighborhoods through involvement with the police. Performance has improved over time with more and more residents organizing neighborhood programs. More so, strategies have improved where police response is quite fast Conclusion Recently, neighborhood programs have been growing at a rapid rate. In general, much of the literature consulted has suggested that neighborhood crime prevention programs are effective in deterring crime. Statistical data have shown that it reduces the crime rate by an average rate of 16 percent. This is because of its ability to deter crime within neighborhoods (Gross, Ruoff, Laino, 2012). The programs work well if there is proper coordination between the citizen and the police. Without such communication, there would be no success since the citizens are reporters of suspicious incidents while the police intervene. Thus, without communication between the two main parties it would be hard to deter crimes using such programs. However, due to participation of citizens in helping the police in deterring crime, success has been achieved. It has had both the effects of reducing the crime rate and building a sense of community within residents. The programs are also largely based on trust between the neighbors. The digest finding in most of the researches conducted is that neighborhood crime prevention programs are associated with safer neighborhoods. References Bennett, T., Holloway, K. Farrington D. P. (2008). Does Neighborhood Watch Reduce Crime: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. cityofboise.org. (2012). Neighborhood Watch. Retrieved from http://police.cityofboise.org/crime-prevention/neighborhood-watch/ Gross, D.J., Ruoff, A. Laino, T. (2012). Neighborhood watch groups reflect on practices after teen’s fatal shooting. Retrieved from gazette.net/article/20120417/NEWS/704179990/neighborhood-watch-groups-reflect-on-practices-after-teen-s-fataltemplate=gazette National crime prevention council. (2012). Neighborhood Watch. Retrieved from ncpc.org/topics/home-and-neighborhood-safety/neighborhood-watch

Free Essays on Why Does God Allow Suffering

Why is There Suffering? The question many ask in the midst of adversity is, â€Å"If God is loving, why is there suffering?† This question is not an easy one to answer. Christianity does not exempt one from pain, from disappointment, or from the hardships of this life. God disciplines those he loves. Romans 3:23 states, â€Å"We all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God.† God is forever by the side of His children and is constantly there to help handle the trial that has been dealt. God says in Matthew 11:28, â€Å"Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest.† God loves His children more than the human mind can conceive. He places trials and tribulation in their lives to strengthen and deepen their spiritual relationship with the Lord God Almighty. These adversities also contribute to strengthen their personal character. The testing of one’s faith develops perseverance and, in turn, reinforces that one constantly requires a personal relationship with God. â€Å"Every disappointment is a trial of your faith†¦a test that proves the genuineness of your relationship with your God and His word† (Arthur, 1997, p. 29). God continually tests one’s faith to keep them on the right path. James 1:2-4 says, â€Å"Consider it pure joy, my brothers, whenever you face trials of many kinds, because you know that the testing of your faith develops perseverance. Perseverance must finish its work so that you may be mature and complete, not lacking anything.† Experiencing these trials, the individual is greatly strengthened and develops perseverance. The hardship fortifies and shapes one’s character, and in turn, one acquires many amazing attributes through the midst of affliction. Romans 5:3-5 states, Not only so, but we also rejoice in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; perseverance, character; and character, hope. And hope does not disappoint us, because... Free Essays on Why Does God Allow Suffering Free Essays on Why Does God Allow Suffering Why is There Suffering? The question many ask in the midst of adversity is, â€Å"If God is loving, why is there suffering?† This question is not an easy one to answer. Christianity does not exempt one from pain, from disappointment, or from the hardships of this life. God disciplines those he loves. Romans 3:23 states, â€Å"We all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God.† God is forever by the side of His children and is constantly there to help handle the trial that has been dealt. God says in Matthew 11:28, â€Å"Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest.† God loves His children more than the human mind can conceive. He places trials and tribulation in their lives to strengthen and deepen their spiritual relationship with the Lord God Almighty. These adversities also contribute to strengthen their personal character. The testing of one’s faith develops perseverance and, in turn, reinforces that one constantly requires a personal relationship with God. â€Å"Every disappointment is a trial of your faith†¦a test that proves the genuineness of your relationship with your God and His word† (Arthur, 1997, p. 29). God continually tests one’s faith to keep them on the right path. James 1:2-4 says, â€Å"Consider it pure joy, my brothers, whenever you face trials of many kinds, because you know that the testing of your faith develops perseverance. Perseverance must finish its work so that you may be mature and complete, not lacking anything.† Experiencing these trials, the individual is greatly strengthened and develops perseverance. The hardship fortifies and shapes one’s character, and in turn, one acquires many amazing attributes through the midst of affliction. Romans 5:3-5 states, Not only so, but we also rejoice in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; perseverance, character; and character, hope. And hope does not disappoint us, because...

Smoking Weed and Tobacco usage essays

Smoking Weed and Tobacco usage essays Smoking is a very significant issue in the world today. Smoking tobacco and marijuana are both important issues in society today. I always see commercials on TV against smoking and why you (especially young kids) shouldnt smoke. I was wondering if these commercials and other advertisements were really telling the truth and if smoking was all as bad as they made it out to be. I will do a lot of research on this topic such as if these ads are really true or if they are expanding the truth or even if they are lying. I will do most of my research on the Internet and maybe an encyclopedia or magazine. I know smoking tobacco is bad for you. I know that it has many negative short and long term effects on its users. I also know that it can be addictive. What I know about marijuana is that it is illegal and is sometimes referred to as the gateway drug that gets you into more harmful and expensive drugs. For a lot of people, this is not true though. I assume that smoking marijuana is not very bad for you because there arent very many things that are bad for you when you smoke it. I know that it does sometimes cause short term memory loss and maybe it makes you paranoid but these symptoms are not present in all users. Smoking tobacco I think, is much more harmful and dangerous because of its known effects even short term such as decreased blood circulation and cold hands and feet. These symptoms happen after only 24 hours after you smoke a cigarette. I also assume that marijuana will be legalized in a very short time because of its wide use and also because there are too many crimes related to marijuana where people are caught with a small amount of the substance but are put in jail for long periods of time. Most marijuana users are harmless to the public and smoking marijuana does not make you a threat to the public, as sometimes drinking alcohol does and that is legal....

What arts need to be Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

What arts need to be - Essay Example Drawings and paintings are two field of specialization that have continually attracted more artists, the two are just like any other art require an effective understanding of the skills and other important aspects of arts some key among these are discussed below. Artifacts communicate better, when the artists portray an understanding of the art. This requires the artists to provide a seamless balance of the different elements of the art; these include such important aspects of either painting or drawing as the color balancing and the depth of the colors in different parts of the artifact. Each of the elements communicates and colors communicate more in any presentation. The artist must therefore portray and adequate understanding of color balancing to create an artifact that is within the context and communicates the actual feelings of the artist. Artistic skills include the understanding of such significant aspects of the trade without which one does not qualify as an artist. Artistic skills are innate, but require constant training to perfect. However, studies have proven that the arts are a discipline just like any other and require the development and nurturing thus can be taught is schools and that people are not necessarily born artist s. From the Davis and Cline gallery, the picture of a house portrays artistic skills of the painter. His or her ability to balance between the wide range of paint colors and to apply the right amount of shade to result with such a magnificent structure. However, the picture does not only portray the painting aspect of the house but strikes a balance between artistic features to result in the flamboyant array of beauty. The house has a unique design, one that is artistic in nature showing precise placement of such important features as the doors and windows. Additionally, other decorations such as the flower bed and the tree, which may look accidental all, play a part in creating a unique ambience around

Sustainable Development in Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Sustainable Development in Business - Case Study Example (Organisational Sustainability, n.d.) Andrew Mangan, an environmental entrepreneur promoted BPS or by-product synergy programs as a means to achieve the goals of sustainable development. It is a process that helps the companies to discover new ways in order to convert the waste products into saleable commodities. The goal of Mangan is actually twofold - to promote the wider adoption of BPS programs and also to create business out of helping the companies adopt such by-product synergy programs. (Anderson T., and Mackenzie S., n.d.) There has been a lot of research in the field of sustainable technology and design along with the adaptation of business tools, but in most of the instances, the well designed technologies fail to become broadly adopted, not due to the fact that there are flaws in the technology but due to the reason that there is inadequate sustainable method of servicing, distributing, and improving the technology. Any business needs start up capital in order to fund the design of technology and its development along with a self sustaining revenue stream, which would support the growth as well as be meaningful in terms of reducing pollution. The reason behind the development of EnviroFit International business model was to allow for the design, development along with the dissemination of environment friendly technologies all over the world. This model leverages the participation of the local in country stakeholders in order to ease acceptance and the implementation of RetroFit technology. The key components of this model are using donations for the development of technology as well as operating profits from the product sales to growth, support operations, emissions trading, microfinance and also local partnerships. This business model is till in progress and is executing the business plan along with reducing the perceived risks, by making progress against the value setting milestones like raising investment capital, field tests and developing important partners in supply chain; these would increase the credibility of the business model and also its management. This business model would be highly beneficial for those environmental technologies that lack necessary profit margins in order to make them attractive to the traditional for-profit model. This would provide sufficient margins in order to sustain a particular enterprise without continued infusions of donations or capital. This business model would also in effective in reducing the environmental pollution. (Hudnut P., B auer T. and Lorenz N., n.d.) Triple Bottom Line was originated among the investors seeking a way of putting their money in those enterprises that are economically profitable, socially just and environmentally sound. It is the need of the time to model the systems properties or the ecological characteristic of various domains of productivity and also to design the institutions of monetary and financial services, which can optimize the productivity in these domains. The theory and the institutions should base on the concepts of triple bottom line. The concept of

Farid Ud-Din Attar. The Conference of the Birds Essay - 2

Farid Ud-Din Attar. The Conference of the Birds - Essay Example A good illustration of how the context of the story helps to clarify the meaning is shown in the case of when the hoopoe is telling the tale of a poor fisher boy whom King Mas’oud befriends. Later when the king upon casting the boy’s line successfully lands a sizeable catch, he then gives to the boy. The next day the king decides to make the boy a partner to his throne The story is taken from a religious allegory and can be interpreted probability to be a fable regarding God’s grace. However once we put the story into its real context the allegory gains more prominence. The hoopoe had just been asked by a bird why he is spiritually flourishing unlike the other birds that seem to be getting nowhere (Williams 49). The hoopoe explains that this is so because Solomon has glanced at him. The Hoopoe tells the birds that this glance is worth far more than prayer but continues to explain that this does not mean that an individual does not need to pray, but rather one should continue to pray continuously until Solomon glances at him. In this story of the fisher boy, we see that the boy has been unceasingly fishing (in the same spot every day, which represents the spiritual â€Å"fishing† of constant prayer (Williams 51). According to the Hoopoes previous explanation, the king’s visit is the glance of Solomon. This story is mostly demonstrative of individual effort and grace plus the reality that both are indispensable for spiritual advancement (Davis, 8). The point of a tale may at times seem rather elusive at the first reading; therefore, it is advisable to read it again or to refer to some previous text to remind you what the question being answered by the hoopoe is. This case with the stories resembles the story of the king and the fisher boy from which we got our excerpt. Throughout the poem, two themes in particular are intricately interwoven into the very fiber of the poem. These are the need to destroy the Self, and the weight

Mediation paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mediation paper - Essay Example fact about the case is that the pet is now fertilizer, the court has requested out-of-court settlement, and this presents an opportunity in my training to exercise mediation process. Certainly, this is a perfect opportunity to apply theoretical principles of the mediation process. Firstly, the case presents two persons, the claimant and the fertilizer company representative who are willing to settle the matter outside the court. Secondly, the claimant has no interest for money; this is a good premise for this case. Her legal pursuit was primarily motivated by her feelings of hopelessness and grief. In theory, facilitated negotiations involve a neutral party who has relinquished powers to make a decision, this should be a fundamental principle that will guide me throughout the mediation process. Folger & Bush (1996, pg. 264) identifies that satisfaction story is an important theoretical model in this case. Notably, the fertilizer representative and the claimant are interested in the settlement of the case. As a mediator, I will apply the satisfaction story in order to achieve four important goals of mediation. Firstly, the process should remain as informal as possible and not drive by any legal rules; this promotes satisfaction of both parties involved. Secondly, I satisfaction story, an important goal is to focus on the interest of the parties involved. In this case, the claimant is in pursuit for her emotional satisfaction on her loss of the pet while the company representative wishes to avoid litigation and court fines. Based on this case, my interest as a mediator will be to seek common ground that is acceptable to both parties. Besides, satisfaction story model will allow me to ensure that the parties arrive in a commitment in meeting the agreement. An important factor in the mediation process is the satisfaction. It is achieved after clear deliberation that strikes a balance of both parties interest (Folger & Bush 1996, pg. 266). Moreover, this model is

Rewriting examples for grammar comments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Rewriting examples for grammar comments - Essay Example Example: Overall, Management Systems International has logged increased sales in every sector, leading to a significant rise in third-quarter profits. Another important thing to note is that the corporation had expanded its international influence. Revision: Overall, Management Systems International has logged increased sales in every sector, leading to a significant rise in third-quarter profits. These impressive profits are largely due to the corporation's expanded international influence. See this website for help: http://www.studygs.net/wrtstr6.htm. I noticed the use of some run-on sentences here in your assignment. Avoid those. Add example of run on and correction. See: http://ace.acadiau.ca/english/grammar/runon.htm. This is very well done. I appreciate your hard work, good thoughts, and good contributions. Thanks for the excellent job. I am very impressed with your good work this week. Let me know if you have any questions about the assignment, your grade, or anything else. Wo nderful job. What I need are these examples to be rewritten since I used them over and over again. Using an example a couple of times is OK, and you do not need to rewrite every comment and the whole comment, JUST THE EXAMPLES, because it’s all I can pay for. That’s it, thanks! Comments to Revise: Thanks for the fantastic job here of meeting the assignment objectives. Just a few writing suggestions here: Your assignment is good but could use some transitions to make it flow better. See this website for help: http://www.studygs.net/wrtstr6.htm Instead of writing transitions that could connect any paragraph to any other paragraph, write a transition that could only connect one specific paragraph to another specific paragraph. Example: The Renaissance period brought tremendous changes in the artistic approaches based upon the traditional art of Greek and Roman statuary. The Expressionist movement of the 1900s instituted a profound rejection of all the traditional ways of the past and introduced a completely new approach to art. Revision: Although the Renaissance period brought tremendous changes in the artistic approaches based upon the traditional art of Greek and Roman statuary, it was the Expressionist movement of the 1900s that instituted a profound rejection of all the traditional ways of the past and introduced a completely new approach to art. Throughout your project, I noticed the use of some run-on sentences from formally writing. See: http://ace.acadiau.ca/english/grammar/runon.htm. Thanks for the outstanding contributions to the homework thread this week. You did an excellent job. I appreciate how well you participated and expressed yourself. Nice writing. Let me know if you have any questions about the assignment, your grade, or anything else. Wonderful job. You did a nice job of writing and a good job of addressing the assignment goals. Just a few suggestions: I appreciate the work here on your assignment, but it appears that you could use some transitions to help connect your ideas. http://www.studygs.net/wrtstr6.htm. Instead of writing transitions that could connect any paragraph to any other paragraph, write a transition that could only connect one specific paragraph to another specific paragraph. Example: Perhaps the most important thing that happened during the mid- to late-nineteenth century was the shift that took place in mankind’s way of thinking. Mankind learned to apply systematic thought processes to explain

Mediation paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mediation paper - Essay Example fact about the case is that the pet is now fertilizer, the court has requested out-of-court settlement, and this presents an opportunity in my training to exercise mediation process. Certainly, this is a perfect opportunity to apply theoretical principles of the mediation process. Firstly, the case presents two persons, the claimant and the fertilizer company representative who are willing to settle the matter outside the court. Secondly, the claimant has no interest for money; this is a good premise for this case. Her legal pursuit was primarily motivated by her feelings of hopelessness and grief. In theory, facilitated negotiations involve a neutral party who has relinquished powers to make a decision, this should be a fundamental principle that will guide me throughout the mediation process. Folger & Bush (1996, pg. 264) identifies that satisfaction story is an important theoretical model in this case. Notably, the fertilizer representative and the claimant are interested in the settlement of the case. As a mediator, I will apply the satisfaction story in order to achieve four important goals of mediation. Firstly, the process should remain as informal as possible and not drive by any legal rules; this promotes satisfaction of both parties involved. Secondly, I satisfaction story, an important goal is to focus on the interest of the parties involved. In this case, the claimant is in pursuit for her emotional satisfaction on her loss of the pet while the company representative wishes to avoid litigation and court fines. Based on this case, my interest as a mediator will be to seek common ground that is acceptable to both parties. Besides, satisfaction story model will allow me to ensure that the parties arrive in a commitment in meeting the agreement. An important factor in the mediation process is the satisfaction. It is achieved after clear deliberation that strikes a balance of both parties interest (Folger & Bush 1996, pg. 266). Moreover, this model is

Emerging Accounting Issues Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Emerging Accounting Issues - Research Paper Example These issues are supposed to be in line with the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. This paper seeks to the highlight the role of EITF and its relationship with entrepreneurial entities in the US. Question #1 The EITF was designed to publicize the implementation guidance of sound accounting principles within the framework of the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC). This was meant to reduce diversity on a timely basis, and to minimize the need for the FASB to put effort and spend time in addressing narrow implementation, and application (Wahlen, Jones, & Pagach, 2012). The EITF was meant to create more space for the FASB to delegate on other issues while the EITF dealt with consistent emerging issues that can be analyzed within the GAAP. A common relationship that exists between the FASB and EITF apart from the fact that EITF was formed from the recommendations of the FASB is the EIFT members. Members of this agency are drawn from a cross section of the FASB work force in its various constituencies. These personnel include preparers, auditors and financial statement users. The EITF is designed to act as a taskforce that constitutes individuals with the ability to identify emerging issues before they manifest themselves as widespread divergent practices that become entrenched. This is to ensure that accounting principles and practices that do not serve the best interests of the public are not left unregulated. This gives the EITF mandate to institute regulatory measures and protocols that ensure a certain business entity adheres to standard practice. The responsibilities of the EITF are tandem with those of the FASB; in the sense that actions that cannot be accomplished by EITF are taken up by the FASB. EITF’s effectiveness in finding resolutions is pegged on its ability to identify emerging accounting and financial issues in a timely manner in order affect its regulatory role competently (Bragg, 2012). The agency’s resolution formulation i s founded on the principles of consultative dialogue with the stakeholders and relevant professionals in the fields of financial accounting. To this end, EITF holds public meetings regularly to deliberate on new issues and receive input from proposals and recommendations it ought to make. As defined by its composition, the EIFT best practices, proposals and recommendations are viewed as the best for the benefit of the public good. Constitution of accountants from large accounting firms means that all the current trends in practice are cognizant with EITF’s responsibilities and functions. EITF achieves effective resolution of emerging issues by specifically developing answers and solutions to each emerging issue. This is because experienced observation has led to the conclusion that the development of an encompassing remedial strategy does not guarantee overall effectiveness. Best practice and resolution of emerging accounting issues individually has been cited as the best way EITF effectiveness and efficiency. Question #2 The EITF issue No. 13-C is concerned with the presentation of unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss carry-forward or tax credit carry-forward exists (Hyman, 2010). During the presentation of a statement of financial position, revelation of unrecognized tax benefits on income tax is not explicitly mandatory. There exist diverse practices when it comes to the revelation

Library an Internet Essay Example for Free

Library an Internet Essay The internet and the library , both are the considered to be a big depository of information .Library can be defined as [1]â€Å"A collection of literary documents or records kept for reference or borrowing† While Internet is defined as [2]â€Å"An electronic network providing access to millions of resources worldwide. University Libraries provide access to many periodical indexes through the Internet. Internet access is available on all floors of the Libraries.† Internet and the library both seems to be serving the same purpose but as the time goes by and world moves to new innovations and directions , the question arises is the latter going to replace the former . This essay compares and contrasts the Internet and an Library , how they share a common purpose and how they vary from each other while serving the purpose . Both the internet and an Library provides information on a wide array of topics but it may be not be necessary that library in United states has the books or journals about the History of Asian countries like china , India . Even if an American Library does has the books and information on the Asian history it may not as exhaustive as it would be in the libraries based in Asia itself . It is not possible to have the same set of books and information in all the libraries. Not all the books available in the Library of the Lindenwood university would be same as available in the libraries of Delhi University at India . Although noticeable works like the ones of Shakespeare would be definitely on the shelves of both the libraries .But its not always necessary that less known authors or journals will make to each library. While on the other hand information available on internet is universal , the same information can be accessed in all the computers worldwide . There is no regional version of internet just about anyone and everyone can access the same information whether it is done with a internet connection in India or in Americas .

A Stakeholder In A Pharmaceutical Organization Commerce Essay

A Stakeholder In A Pharmaceutical Organization Commerce Essay A stakeholder in a pharmaceutical organization is an individual or a group of people with one common goal and interest towards the ownership and activities of the organization (Daft, 2011). In a general organizational setup, stakeholders can be divided into two categories, the primary stakeholder and the secondary stakeholder. The primary stakeholders have the utmost responsibility in a company. They include the company suppliers, consumers using the companys pharmaceutical product, the medical research institute, employees working in the organization and the company shareholders. The primary stakeholders form the basic fundamental foundation towards a companys success or failure because of their participation in the direct economical situation. The secondary stakeholders do not have an integral part in the economic process but they are as useful as the primary stakeholders are. These include the government, trade unions, the media, and political parties and action groups (Hellriegel , Jackson Slocum, 2007). In terms of management, having an organization run by individuals can result to the greed and misuse of finances. According to research carried out, about sixty nine percent of corporate executives do not consider the general publics best interest while making decisions and another ninety four percent of corporate executives make their decisions first and foremost on the foundation of making an advancement in their own line of business (Daft, 2011). In modern companies, there are two forms of ownership. The ownership theory of a company is one form of ownership. Here an individual owns the company. The sole purpose of the company is to make great profits over the years with its stakeholders interests at heart. The stakeholder theory of ownership is the other form of company ownership. This theory argues that such companies have the sole responsibility of promoting good work ethics and create value for the society. Even though the stakeholder theory aims at making profits, it should s trive to ensure it creates a source of income for others especially the large community. Corporate stakeholders and respond to their issues Corporate management Stakeholders in a pharmaceutical company are divided into stages. The first stage of stakeholders includes the key management of the company like the corporate executives, marketing, and the leaders who offer their opinion regarding the pharmaceutical industry like the consultants. Their key issue is to establish a growth strategy of the company, enhance transparency, and manage potential harm towards stakeholders and the society and code of ethics among the various departments in the company (Kolb Schwartz, 2009). Since the community and the pharmaceutical company are interdependent, the main purpose of the company is to maintain and adapt to the corporate social responsibility (Hellriegel, Jackson Slocum, 2007). A good example is the risks involved when it comes to patients and drugs. An ideal management in a pharmaceutical company would consider the provision of drugs, which will help increase chances of survival instead of trying to avoid patient risk. Regulatory Institutions The second third stage of pharmaceutical stakeholders includes the regulatory institutions. Regulatory institutions are establishments that take part in ensuring the drugs that have been manufactured are of the right quality, and manufactured as per the stipulated mandate and drug manufacturing requirements (Freeman, Velamuri Moriarty, 2006). When a drug has been developed and it meets the requirements of the relevant drug regulatory body, it obtains permit for consumption by the society. A regulatory stakeholder is of great importance especially in the society. It helps prevent the sale of medicine, which is of low quality or medicine sold by pharmaceutical companies that can be detrimental to ones health. The regulatory bodies are also responsible in promotion of manufactured drugs to the market and in the process, they help influence the companys investments and expertise. The regulatory institutions act as consultants regarding drug related issues. Marketing The third stage of pharmaceutical stakeholder involves the marketing team in the company. Marketing pharmaceutical drugs require good advertising skills and sufficient consumer research. Employing the use of strategic marketing is appealing and attracts the end user. This method also helps in dealing with companies that produce similar drugs known as Me-Too drugs. Me-Too drugs have similar chemical compound to the existing drug and they perform similar action performance towards ones body. Good marketing strategy of the pharmaceutical organization will ensure the genuine drug that has been produced is sold at a fairly reasonable price and curb competition from other companies (Freeman, Velamuri Moriarty, 2006). Research and Development Another important stakeholder in this stage is the team that takes part in research and development of a pharmaceutical drug. The biopharmaceutical research and industry paves way to discovering new and efficient drugs (Babler, 2011). Past medical research has been conducted on traditional medical outcomes and remedies then regarded as a discovery. Due to modernized biological technology, research has focused on understanding the different diseases and how they affect the human immune system. This extensive research has also led to discoveries of how to manipulate the human body in a bid to counteract the disease without damaging the cells inside ones system (Babler, 2011). Through research, development of new drugs has become possible. As stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry, scientists who carry out biopharmaceutical research with the help of doctors, chemists and regulatory experts work together to ensure there is the successful development of a drug and it has been approve d for consumption (Babler, 2011). This helps in providing a clean source of treatment to the society. End User The end user is the fourth stage of pharmaceutical stakeholder ship. This includes the general public, patients, health providers, health related institutions and the government. The doctors and hospitals as the health providers ensure that approved drugs manufactured and sold by the pharmaceutical companies are put to the right use. Certain drugs like morphine are addictive and if misused, they could turn to be dangerous and lethal therefore the need to be under control. It is only the medical practitioner who is in a position to administer use of such pharmaceutical drugs. The government has a major role to play in the pharmaceutical industry. One of its core roles is the funding of research and development of medical related devices (Babler, 2011). They help in creating incentives for smaller pharmaceutical companies so that they may come up with an independent research on new patent drugs. The government through the Food and Drug Administration is also responsible for approval of safe drugs that are effective (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). The government through the congress is responsible for coming up with stringent measures regarding the manufacture of drugs and fraud related cases by pharmaceutical companies (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). The role of the industry in its economic, political and social setting Economic role In the society, a business enterprise is the basic unit of the economy (Daft, 2011). The pharmaceutical company being a business institution produces goods for consumption and services too. These goods and services are essential for a societys well being because the drugs are used to treat various diseases that affect individuals. In the process, the company strives ahead and maximizes its profits for the companys shareholders and team members. This in turn improves the economy of the nation since the workers earn a living, the government taxes are paid and other stakeholders including the society benefit from the company. An example includes the Pfizer pharmaceutical company, one of the largest drug related companies, which is involved in offering grants and scholarships to institutional based healthcare facilities. They are also involved in scholarship programs with the neediest individuals in the society thus making them better individuals (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). Over the p revious years, the American pharmaceutical companies are making such tremendous milestones in terms of economic development as compared to other manufacturing related companies (National Academies Press, 2012). When it comes to price regulation of drug in the society, the pharmaceutical company plays an important role. With the emergence of new pharmaceutical companies, the drug industry has become competitive to the extent of the existence of market power in the economy because of the production of patent drugs (Danzon, 2006). In the American health care, insurance companies have taken a major role in ensuring the American citizens get the required medical treatment at a subsidized price. This move has enabled the pharmaceutical companies to lower the prices of their drugs to suit the needs of the American economic society. In addition, the pharmaceutical companies have resulted to address the economic issues of the society through developing drugs that have the same effect as the patent drug known as me too and then repackaging into similar quantities but in different sachets or economic friendly containers so as to suit the financial capabilities of the majority in the society. At the sa me time, this move boosts the corporate sales due to the increase in market demand. Price regulation in a country affects the availability of drugs in the country as well as other countries Social role In a society, there are rules and guidelines that ought to be followed for an effective and cordial relationship. These rules define the importance of what a good society ought to be. The pharmaceutical companies being part of the society have to follow the legal rules with regard to the corporate rules (Hellriegel, Jackson Slocum, 2007). The major role of a pharmaceutical company to the society is discovering and developing new vaccines and drugs (Babler, 2011). HIV and AIDS are a major challenge to the society, and numerous pharmaceutical companies have undertaken an indepth research of determining the cure with about two hundred different drugs and vaccines both in developing and developed nations (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). Most pharmaceutical companies opt to conduct such research independently but others would try and incorporate the stakeholders. According to most of the pharmaceutical companies vision of creating and developing quality medicines to save millions of lives and at the same time improve the global lifestyles of people, these industries have continued to expand their all time efforts in making sure the needy patients in the society receive the medicines they require (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). One corporate social responsibility the pharmaceutical company has towards the social well being is by addressing the issue of HIV and AIDS. These companies have created platforms that increase the awareness among potential victims. The companies have also ensured the ease of use and convenience of patient friendly and potent drugs, together with disease therapy acts at ensuring the well being of a society (Freeman, Velamuri Moriarty, 2006). This move is crucial towards maintaining the corporate stakeholder relationship and trust. In the long run, the sick patient will be faithful in taking the pharmaceutical companys medication to manage the disease better and the company would have obtained its financial gains together with the patient trust on their products. Political role In the drug manufacturing companies, the pharmaceutical companies are by far the majority producers of drugs and they have an expected global budget of about sixteen billion dollars (Abraham, 2002). The demand market of a pharmaceutical company is tremendously high regardless of the economy (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). Each and every new day there are new cases of disease outbreaks that require urgent medical attention. The health care remains constant regardless of the changing economic conditions (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). These pharmaceutical companies make a lot of money in the form of profits at the expense of the majority of the American citizens and in most cases, citizens from the third world countries. Even though the pharmaceutical companies are making tremendous steps in addressing eminent diseases, the public health interests of individuals and the commercial interests of the pharmaceutical company tend to coincide (Abraham, 2002), thus making clinical trials become hard and expensive because human rights activists have addressed this issue and many developed countries tend to avoid such participation. In the American political scene, pharmaceutical companies do not have the mandate to distribute drugs directly to patients. They pass through the government related health care agencies (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). These agencies are responsible for determining and handling the import and export regulations. These government agencies tend to have an important political factor in determining the manufacturing, production and distribution of certain companies. Since the state management is responsible for protecting and ensuring the safety of the general publics health, they have developed a system that regulates the drugs from the pharmaceutical companies (Abraham, 2002). These regulations can confirm whether the drugs produced are safe, and they meet the standards for consumption by people. In developing a drug in America, it takes six years for the drug to be tested and approved (Castner, Hayes Shankle, 2007). After such strenuous efforts, just a few drugs that have been manufact ured by the pharmaceutical companies end up being consumed by the public. This combined with the fact that it costs a lot of money for research and testing, and the fact that the FDA is in charge of setting the guidelines in accordance with the other major regulations for the manufacture of the drugs (Castner, Hayes Shankle, 2007). Since the pharmaceutical companies want the safety and efficiency standards of the Food and Drug Administration to be high and avoid future drug related legal and medical disasters, which cause a bad reputation for the company, they strictly adhere to the rules and regulations (Abraham, 2002). In case the pharmaceutical companies interests tend to conflict with the public health, the government agencies role becomes very crucial. The more a pharmaceutical company influences the perception of the government agencies, the better it stands at lobbying such government agencies to act at their interests (Abraham, 2002). A number of FDA officials tend to work together with the companies in ensuring the FDA directives are not broken due and the drug companies have no queries whatsoever with such agencies. The reason for this act is because the FDA is a government agency that tends to be problematic towards adherence of the strictest health regulations of the pharmaceutical companies, and the majority of the FDA authorities started to work in the pharmaceutical company level as scientists and low-level employees. Most FDA employees would rather seek re-employment in the companies they worked for at higher career level (Abraham, 2002) because of the good monthly package and the more than appealing severance pay they get at retirement. In the American market, pharmaceutical companies have another important role to play. When it comes to the American elections, large multinational companies seek to support one candidate to become the president so that in future, they might be of help to the company. The pharmaceutical companies tend to offer their more than generous support in the political parties with more chances of winning the elections. This in turn will ensure there is a form of gratitude from the political parties and members of the congress in terms of amending certain health care bills in the companys favor thus lobbying the congress (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). Accountability is another role the pharmaceutical companies play in terms of politics. The pharmaceutical industries have an upper hand in gaining major political influence and support with regards to drug regulation (Abraham, 2002). These companies can be able to persuade the government and drug and health care related organizations that other parties interested in the manufacture of drugs and their consumption, like the consumer based industries, the medical and scientific society can have minimal or no rights at all in the access of the FDA regulatory process (Abraham, 2002). Domestic and international ethics Ethics can be defined as the moral beliefs that help an individual determine what is right or wrong (Daft, 2011). In work ethics, it would be wrong if one individual makes decisions based on their perception in a bid to gain at the expense of other stakeholders. An organization incorporating a self-regulating mechanism that monitors, guides and ensures compliance of the law is one that has been built on ethical and social grounds in relation to the business model of philosophy (Daft, 2011). Even though the pharmaceutical industry has made a tremendous progress in terms of research and the development of drugs that can treat malignant diseases like cancer, tension has emanated between the consumers and the company. Many feel that the pharmaceutical companies are not doing their social responsibility as expected. Human experimentation is an important advancement of scientific research. Clinical trials serve as a means of confirming the effectiveness of a drug as per the government health care agencies (Valverde, 2001). Even though these clinical trials are expensive, and have steep regulations to adhere to, they provide health care to the underprivileged communities. With the huge number of pharmaceutical trials being conducted, a growing number of Americans have reported that the experimental drugs have been problematic due to ethical issue, exploitation; globalization of clinical trials deems the only suitable solution. This has prompted the pharmaceutical companies to outsource from other nations especially the third world countries because of the level of ignorance, cost implications, and the fact that regulations in such nations are not as strict as those in America. According to current research, the majority of the clinical drugs tested in the developing nations forms the basic development and approval of the new patent drugs in the developed nations. These drugs are extremely expensive and it is only the citizens of wealthy nations who can access and enjoy the benefits of such health care (NBAC). Because clinical trial in other countries has become popular with pharmaceutical companies, worldwide health organizations have come together in a bid to secure the future of the participants taking part in the clinical trial and as well to protect their human rights. The United Nations and the World Health Organization are among the international human rights agencies that have steered the campaign (Lee, 2010). The goals of these organizations are to ensure the better protection of the trial participants health and human rights. The other goal of these organizations is to ensure that the pharmaceutical companies inform their participants about the risks and benefits that come about with the research on the new drug. The pharmaceutical company ought to inform the trial patients that as per the health care regulations, one ought to consider the health implications before venturing into such tasks, and it should be an individuals free will to participate in such research (Lee, 2010). Ecological and natural resources Pharmaceutical companies in a bid to conserve their environment, they have become very active and in the process, achieving very impressive results. One way is by enacting strict rules and regulations regarding the environmental conservation. Sustaining an ecological system in accordance to the plant and animal life becomes a stepping-stone in improving the environment (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). Even though the amounts of waste produced by pharmaceutical corporations are insignificant as compared to the other multinational corporations, they still play an important role in environmental stewardship (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). With an organizations growth, there comes the need to deal with certain environmental concerns including soil and water pollution. This helps in conserving the ecology from contamination and extinction. Global warming has caused so many problems because of pollution and as per the Environmental agencies directives, numerous pharmaceutical companies have introduce d new and clean manufacturing processes that reduce waste production and minimize the negative ecological impact. Taking a look into the pharmaceutical companies, they consist of other subsidiary businesses that are involved in manufacturing, processing and formulating the medicinal chemicals in pharmaceutical products that can be consumed readily. The process of converting the botanical products into powder form and the formulating them into capsules, suspension or ointments can be very risky to the environment. Another thing about pharmaceutical companies is that they tend to focus on two major areas of human research that is in vitro and in vivo (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). The pharmaceutical products that are produced include vaccines, human and animal blood derivatives, blood plasma, and the toxoids (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). The process of manufacturing such products in this sector of research tends to be dangerous because of the radioactive, biological and chemical wastes they produce, which have adverse environmental impacts (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). According to research carried out by t he multinational health care corporations, quite a number of these organizations have realized that their company facilities can cause environmental pollution and be detrimental to the safety and health of their primary stakeholders (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). An environment that has been polluted by commercial activities can lower the quality of life in such areas the organization is located and being a fortune five hundred company, they tend to suffer a lot of financial losses in the process. Adopting the Environmental Management Systems, EMS is the other way the pharmaceutical companies have taken an integral part in safeguarding the natural and ecological resources. These management systems comply with the International Organization for Standardizations (ISO) 14000 guide that advocates the reduction of waste products and the negative environmental degradation by a pharmaceutical company as a result of the processes related to manufacturing and production (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). The fundamental elements of an ISO 14000 Environmental Management Systems are; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To define the available public policies regarding management of the environment, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ An organizations well-defined assignment towards management of the environment, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Management programs addressing a business and its relation to the environment in the companys performance plans, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Process of reviewing the management in order to have a continuous environmental performance and improvement, and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Programs that ease the work of measuring, assessing auditing, and reporting the performance results of environmental management. Social issues As a result of creating awareness and improving the global standards, there was a need for the regulatory boards concerned with the pharmaceutical companies to come together and standardize the safety regulations and quality associated with consumers so as to provide safe and quality products efficiently (Castner, Hayes Shankle, 2007). Different nations came together under their various health care organizations to form standardized health care measures especially in addressing pharmaceutical companies and their role in production of drugs. The International Conference on Harmonization, ICH was a body created by several nations in order to represent the regulatory organizations and industries that deal with carrying out research (Castner, Hayes Shankle, 2007). The pharmaceutical companies while addressing the emerging global issues are trying to attempt their participation in the business industry by coming up with standards that ensure the safety of the product. The majority of these organizations are addressing incumbent social norms towards attaining a sustainable society. This boosts their trust among the society further in addition to being successful companies in the past (Castner, Hayes Shankle, 2007). Rating pharmaceutical companies relating to Social issues While rating the pharmaceutical companies, I think they are in a better position to achieve more in creating awareness and improving global standards. Numerous nations are ignorant about the new rules and regulations surrounding health care. Instead of pharmaceutical companies taking advantage of them like the way a majority of such companies are doing, they ought to educate them and make them conversant about the current societal activities and enlighten such communities about the guidelines of conducting clinical tests. Pharmaceutical companies should form partnerships with government agencies in the developing world to come up with strategies of involving them not only as lab rats but as important stakeholders in the process of developing medicinal drugs at the least environmental degradation. Pharmaceutical companies overall performance in accordance with the core values of Saint Leo University Saint Leo University is a Catholic University, and it upholds high levels of integrity in terms of achieving their core values and objectives. The pharmaceutical companies ought to emulate the values set aside in attainment of the stipulated code of ethics in the workplace. In my opinion, pharmaceutical companies have strived greatly in achieving the same core values like Saint Leo University. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Excellence: In terms of excellence, pharmaceutical companies have made a tremendous milestone in the discovery of drugs that can help in curing diseases especially the malignant diseases like cancer, and HIV and AIDS. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Community: Pharmaceutical companies have strived hard to ensure there is interdependence between the company and its stakeholders while progressing to making medical discoveries. They encourage the spirit of belonging among their staff members and the society. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Respect: By respecting the environment, the pharmaceutical companies have attained the admiration and trust by the society. In helping conserve the environment, the companies have helped to solve a huge menace to the society. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Responsible stewardship: Stewardship is the act of adopting something and owning it. The bid by pharmaceutical companies in owning their society and conserving it ensures they have maximum optimization of the available resources but at minimal environmental and resource depletion. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Integrity: Pharmaceutical companies have created trust and honesty among the company stakeholders and shareholders. Being transparent in the financial objectives has been a stepping stone in accomplishing its goals and responsibilities. Building company- societal trust ensures integrity too.

What is an Organ Broker? :: Transplants Health Medicine Crime Essays

What is an Organ Broker? A poor man is desperate to make money to feed his family in an undeveloped country. A rich man is sick and needs a kidney transplant in order to survive. He is willing to pay whatever it takes to save his life. A greedy man acts as a middleman, or broker, between the two men and goes home with a profit of thousands of dollars. Organ brokers are most common for organizing kidney transplants and other non-essential organs. However, occasionally organ brokers will bribe the family of a deceased for essential organs such as heart and liver. The ethical question Is the broker being benevolent by making a match to save someone’s life, or is the broker disobeying an ethical code by bribing the poor man for his kidney and charging the rich man to save his own life so that the broker profits? Making a match For a broker to make any money at all, he must first make a match between a willing donor and a needy, rich recipient. The most common organ brokering is for kidneys. Due to the laws in the United States and other highly developed countries, brokering organs is extremely rare. Brokers typically seek out the impoverished in undeveloped countries not only for their willingness to do anything for a small sum of money, but also for the lack of legal regulations and enforcement. After a broker has found a willing donor, tests are run to determine the blood type and specific organ characteristics. A broker will then make a list of his potential donors and their test results. Next a needy recipient must be found and matched with an organ on the list. When a match is found, the donor is contacted and brought to the operation location—typically in a host country where the operation can be done â€Å"behind closed doors† or without being noticed. In the end, the donor goes home with a small sum of money, the recipient is out hundreds of thousands of dollars and the broker and doctor profit greatly, regardless of the operation being a success or failure. Dealing with the ethical issues Under what circumstances do we decide whether it is just to save another human being’s life? Health professionals that question the standards of the brokers fuel the ethical debate.

Street Smarts versus Book Smarts Essay -- essays research papers

Everyone has an opinion concerning what type of education is most useful. We all know that a college education is important in the competitive world we live in today. For instance, if you want a career in engineering, medicine, chemistry or law, a bachelor's degree or higher is mandatory. We often see people who have made it really big, and yet have little or no formal education. My opinion is, in order to get and keep a good paying job, you need both â€Å"street smarts† and â€Å"book smarts.† The combination of practical knowledge and explicit knowledge is the key to a successful career. Both types of knowledge have distinct advantages. They have both used their experiences in life to achieve their goals. For example, if a street smart mart person had a severe cough they would ask friends, family about how they could make the cough better. Book smart person would check or search internet to find the cure. They are both determine to get what they want by using the skills they know. They will both work hard to get the job they want. They are both resourceful. They will use their r...

Life After College

In high school and college we have guidance counselors, course requirements and teachers. But the minute we graduate into adulthood, it seems we are immediately expected to understand where to go, what to do, and how to get wherever we’re going next. Once we do land a decent job, we’re expected to know how to do whatever it is our boss asks us to do. Once the first paycheck comes, we’re supposed to know about taxes and healthcare and direct deposits and investing and saving for retirement. We go from being surrounded by our friends all the time in college to being surrounded by a scattered few once we graduate. With graduation fast approaching, I must now embark on the next phase of my life. I’d love to work at a small e-Learning company, which means I’d play lots of different roles. I’ve heard about it from a very good friend of mine. My job title would be Manager of Instructional Design. I will write the fact sheets. The website copy. I will work on the demos. The content, not the graphics. In the area of Project Management I’ll just manage the project. Check in with the development team. See how we're doing on the schedule, communicate with our clients, write all the design documents, project plans, change orders, etc. This is a new area for me. Untested waters. And I'm really excited about the project I'm working on. We've got a gig to help an organization with a large membership craft an e-Learning strategy. Such an opportunity! This will be my job. I hope! Like any other girl I hope I’ll have a very nice family. A good husband, brave children and a big house, of course.

Hayao Miyazaki’s Spirited Away and Japaneseness Essay

Japan is a country rich in tradition and culture. Hayao Miyazaki, the face of Japanese anime film world wide, has displayed this culture and Japanese value(s) throughout his career in many of his films. Spirited Away (2001) is arguably his most famous and successful film to date. Throughout the film, there are numerous displays of â€Å"Japaneseness.† The themes present in the film represent the value structure, and what Japan sees as important among its history and tradition. Hayao Miyazaki was born in Tokyo, Japan in 1941. His father was an executive member of the family company, Miyazaki Aircraft, at which he helped build military aircraft parts during WWII. As a result, his family found ease with the great wealth that they shared in, which young Miyazaki was sometimes troubled by. He felt guilty for living well during a period in time where many Japanese were suffering at the hands of the war (MacWilliams and Schodt 256). He graduated university with a degree in political science and economics, which heightened his understanding of the distressed Japanese economic climate. This expertise, coupled with his childhood guilt, would lead him to write certain subject matter into many of his films. In 1985, Miyazaki joined forces with fellow anime director and writer, Isao Takahata, to create Studio Ghibli (Napier). The studio went on to produce some of the most popular animated films to come out of Japan –including Miyazaki’s masterpiece, Spirited Away. Studio Ghibli, and specifically, Mr. Miyazaki’s work, has been compared to America’s Walt Disney Studios, and has even been unofficially dubbed â€Å"Disney of Japan† and â€Å"Disney of the East† by some fans and critics. â€Å"Miyazaki’s films do not operate on Hollywood logic, and his storytelling style may seem strange, even frustrating to a Western audience brought up on Disney†¦the fantastic is more accepted in Japanese culture than it is in the Western world, which carries the heritage of the Enlightenment in its psyche† (Baskan). Miyazaki  has become the well-known face of fantastical anime film across the globe. He integrates Japanese spiritual beliefs and culture in all his films in such a way that his characters and themes surpass ethnic borders and resonate with all viewe rs. His most famous film, Spirited Away, creates a seemingly abstract view of the world through Japanese values and traditions while subtly presenting the realities of today’s world. Some common themes among the film, Spirited Away include: themes of life and death, survival, maturation, the economy and its influences, and transcendence (whether it be physically transcending a threshold, or otherwise). By showcasing these themes, Miyazaki is able to showcase the Japanese Value system. For example, there is a big presence of elders in Miyazaki films. The Japanese put a big emphasis of respecting elders. Other values, which may appear to be subtle among the Japanese, but showcase widely for the international audience, include things like taking off your shoes when entering a home, or respect for nature or the spirits. In class, we talked about the Shinto tradition and the relatedness between the spiritual, natural, and human worlds. This is very widely emphasized in Spirited Away. The entire film is based on the relation between the spirits –among themselves –and among the human world. In Spirited Away, Chihiro’s parents’ transformation into pigs is the first symbol of gluttony in the film. It can also be interpreted as the first sign of capitalism. The motif continues to appear throughout the film with the business run in the Bath House. The workers and the owner, Yubaba, are concerned only with making money. This also can translate into an attack on a capitalist society (Yoshioka 258). Japan adopted capitalism after World War II, so Hayao Miyazaki grew up in a capitalist country. Not only that, but Japan, as a country is an extremely nationalistic. These factors, combined with his college expertise in both political science and economics, can be seen throughout the film. Miyazaki uses these undertones concerning his life experiences with society, as well as his education, within many his films. â€Å"Miyazaki’s belief that all Japanese share a certain sense of past is another important focal point. The subtle blending of personal experience into historical ‘fact’ formulates a sense of past that looks and feels familiar to the audience, even though they have never experienced it† (MacWilliams and Schodt 257). One of Miyazaki’s characteristic directing techniques is his apt combinatio n of his personal experience with elements  of Japanese culture. Driving much of his work is the influence of Shintoism. This â€Å"religious† understanding of the spirits and nature in relation to humans that is distinctly Japanese in practice. Spirited Away is the perfect example of a film that illustrates this spiritual practice, albeit in a somewhat stretched manner. There’s wide use of Japanese folklore within Spirited Away. The title itself says, â€Å"Kamikakushi† meaning â€Å"hidden by entities† which, in Japan, is used when women or children go missing (Reider 8). This itself is a very mature theme, and while the film is fun to watch, it takes a deeper understanding of the content to fully appreciate it. The importance of one’s name is also a key concept in the film, and within Japanese society. In the film, to forget your given name is to forget yourself, and if you forget yourself, you become stuck in Yubaba’s control for eternity. This is how Haku found himself a servant to Yubaba for so many years. It was not until Chihiro helped Haku remember that he is the River Spirit that Haku was free at last. The film reflects the importance of identity, which is not just a Japanese concept, but a universal one, as well. Another theme of the film is that of growing up and maturing. Because Chihiro is forced to be by herself in this unknown place, she’s made to adapt and mature without much thought. To bring her to this point, it took the traumatic experience of losing her parents, the fear of never seeing them again, and —her biggest fear—not surviving. Miyazaki was well-off when he was young, so this could be a reflection of seeing people forced into early independence during the War. Only through trusting in someone who claimed to be a friend was she able to get along as well as she did, and succeed in ultimately getting her life back. Many of the other characters were based loosely off of Shinto legends. The Shinto belief is that there’s a very thin line between the spirit world and the human world, which is reflected throughout the film in the bizarre interactions between the bathhouse world and outside reality. Through the use of Hayao Miyazaki’s extensive personal experience with Japanese culture, and his education in Political Science and economics, he has been able to showcase Japanese values and traditions through his film. He is a world-ren owned writer and director, and through his work in Anime film, he has opened the eyes of the western world to this Eastern culture. My understanding of Japaneseness is the nationalistic and traditional points of view showcased throughout  Spirited Away. The idea that spirits are all around you, and encompass nature. The importance of family above all else, the emphasis on self-responsibility, and so-on. Japaneseness is not one single thing, but a compilation of many things. It is to fully take in all aspects of being Japanese. Bibliography Baskan, Funda Basak. â€Å"Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea (Gake no Ue no Ponyo).† Marvels & Tales 24.2 (2010): 363,366,368. ProQuest. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. MacWilliams, Mark W., and Frederik L. Schodt. Japanese Visual Culture : Explorations in the World of Manga and Anime. M.E. Sharpe, Inc. : Armonk, NY, USA, 2008. Print. Napier, Susan J. â€Å"Matter Out Of Place: Carnival, Containment, And Cultural Recovery In Miyazaki’s Spirited Away.† Journal Of Japanese Studies 32.2 (2006): 287-310. Academic Search Elite. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. Reider, Noriko T. â€Å"Spirited Away: Film Of The Fantastic And Evolving Japanese Folk Symbols.† Film Criticism 29.3 (2005): 4-27. Academic Search Elite. Web. 20 Nov. 2013.

Effect of Gambling to British Teenagers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Effect of Gambling to British Teenagers - Essay Example The relationship between the two is very closely related because of nature of the hobby. One of the main reasons why teenagers turn to other criminal activity is because they need money. The easiest and fastest way to make money for gambling is stealing. There are many different level of stealing first of teenage gamblers steal money from family, mothers purses, fathers wallet or siblings piggy banks. This happens because parents and family members are against the idea of gambling and will not fund it therefore turn to unethical measures. More extreme cases have stolen from shops, other people and houses. The other main problem with teenage gambling is that it is associated with vices such as drinking, drugs and sex. Being underage and following the gambling life style will eventually lead you to problems such as alcoholism etc. In casinos they encourage drinking therefore being in that environment will lead you down that path. In 2002, the British government released a report regarding the proposed changes in the UK gambling law. It is a change that is expected to elevate the annual sum gambled in Britain to more than 60bn from 42bn a year (BBC News). The Gambling Act 2005 also called the Gambling Bill is a response to the Gambling Review Report made by the Department of Culture, Media and Sports in 2001 (Gamingfloor.com). One of the objectives of the Gambling Act 2005 is to prevent "gambling from being a source of crime or disorder, being associated with crime or disorder or being used to support crime" (UK Parliament). The Act "mainly applies to England and Wales, and to Scotland, and is designed to control all forms of gambling" (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.). The Act only entered into force in September 2007 (Sprecher Grier Halberstam LLP). "Some provisions of the bill faced controversy, particularly in its original form, where it would have allowed large numbers of so-called 'super casinos' to have been set up" (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.). "The Act also specifically regulates internet gambling for the first time" (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.). The law was basically aimed at restricting other activities but it has paved way for more casinos in Britain. Particularly, it will allow casinos with up to 1250 slot machines and unlimited jackpots. (BBC News). The Facts on Gambling Upon the announcement of the Bill, BBC News made an investigation about the status of gambling in UK and the gambling habits of Britons in 2002. In 2002, it was found out that "Six out of ten adults in the UK spend up to 50 each month gambling on sporting events or the Lotto, according to government figure" and that "the industry is already worth 42bn a year" (BBC News). Some of the gambling activities subscribed by the British are Lotto, Bingo, Slot Machines, Casinos, Betting and Internet Betting. It is estimated that "more than 30 million people regularly buy a ticket for the Lotto" with around 4.983 million tickets sold in the years 2000-2001 according to the National Lottery Commission (BBC News). "The UK